A Multiband antenna using plus‐shaped fractal‐like elements and stepped ground plane

Abstract

A multiband planar symmetrical plus‐shaped fractal monopole antenna with stepped ground plane is presented in this study. Measured results show that the proposed antenna operates with 10 dB return loss bandwidths from 1.630 to 1.88 GHz and from 4.5 to 8.5 GHz covering The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1800 MHz 2G spectrum band, 4400 to 4900 MHz 5G spectrum band adopted by Japan and China for future 5G communication in sub‐6 GHz band, 5.15 to 5.925 GHz LTE band 46, WLAN IEEE 802.11 y/a/h/j/n/P bands, and 5.8 to 7.707 GHz military band. The antenna gain varies between 1.73 and 1.97 dB in lower band and 3.6 to 5.05 dBi in upper band with radiation efficiencies more than 90% in lower band and more than 80% in upper band. The antenna has more than 64 and 28 dB isolations between the copolar and cross‐polar radiation patterns in the lower and upper bands, respectively.

Stubs and Slits Loaded Partial Ground Plane Inspired Novel Hexagonal Ring-Shaped Fractal Antenna for 5g/Lte/Rfid/GSM/Bluetooth/Wlan/Wimax Wireless Applications: Design and Measurement

“…Two columns, named "method used" and "remarks" of Table 4, help to understand the comparison of published work with the proposed antenna in a better way. Antennas reported in can be advocated that proposed antenna particularizes hexa frequency bands with wider bandwidth and improved gain at each frequency resonance point in juxtaposition to the antennas discussed in References [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Bandwidth Enhancement of Cross-Shaped Fractal Antenna Using Lanthanum Doped Ba-Sr Hexagonal Ferrite As Substrate Material For X-Band Applications

“…Also, simulated antenna with FR4 substrate provides bandwidth of 813.3 MHz in frequency region 8.7617-9.5750 GHz whereas fabricated antenna provides bandwidth of 1.1136 GHz in frequency region 8.8089-9.9225 GHz. Even if the resonant frequency of fabricated design is shifted slightly to upper end in comparison to simulated design it may be due to fabrication inaccuracies and also due to the soldering process of SMA connector to the fabricated antenna [4,17,31].…”

Design of wideband planar antenna with inverted I‐shaped tuning stubs for application in 5G, satellite communication, and Internet of Things

“…The proposed antenna covers all the 5G frequency bands along with the various satellite communication bands, without the use of any of the bandwidth increment techniques 35 such as the use of dielectric resonator antenna 36 or by any modifications in the ground 37,38 plane.…”

“…At the final step, the antenna has been designed with the feed lines (LF and RF) and both stubs (LS and RS) (Figure 2D) which covers the desired frequency bands and wider bandwidth. The proposed antenna covers all the 5G frequency bands along with the various satellite communication bands, without the use of any of the bandwidth increment techniques 35 such as the use of dielectric resonator antenna 36 or by any modifications in the ground 37,38 plane.…”