A multicentric evaluation of dipstick test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Ethiopia and Spain

Ejazi, Sarfaraz Ahmad; Ghosh, Sneha; Saha, Samiran; Choudhury, Somnath Ray; Bhattacharyya, Anirban; Chatterjee, Mitali; Pandey, Krishna; Das, Vidya Nand Rabi; Das, Pradeep; Rahaman, Mehebubar; Goswami, Rama Prosad; Rai, Keshav; Khanal, Basudha; Bhattarai, Narayan; Deepachandi, Bhagya; Siriwardana, Yamuna Deepani; Karunaweera, Nadira D.; deBrito, Maria Edileuza Felinto; Gomes, Yara de Miranda; Nakazawa, Mineo; Costa, Carlos Henrique Nery; Adem, Emebet; Yeshanew, Arega; Melkamu, Roma; Fikre, Helina; Hurissa, Zewdu; Diro, Ermias; Carrillo, Eugenia; Moreno, Javier; Ali, Nahid

doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46283-9

Cited by 23 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As an alternative, a dipstick test containing L. ( L. ) donovani membrane antigens was developed, presenting sensitivity and specificity of 100% in Indian and Brazilian patients with VL ( Table 1 ) [ 94 ]. This test was evaluated later for VL, using sera from more than 1000 subjects from eight centers in six endemic countries (India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Spain) [ 93 ]. The overall sensitivity and specificity for all these regions were 97.1% and 93.44%, respectively, and a better performance of this test was found compared to the rK39 rapid test (see below) in these regions [ 93 ].…”

Section: Immunological Methods For Diagnosis Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current and Future Methods

et al. 2020

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Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease with two main clinical forms: cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. Diagnosis of leishmaniasis is still a challenge, concerning the detection and correct identification of the species of the parasite, mainly in endemic areas where the absence of appropriate resources is still a problem. Most accessible methods for diagnosis, particularly in these areas, do not include the identification of each one of more than 20 species responsible for the disease. Here, we summarize the main methods used for the detection and identification of leishmaniasis that can be performed by demonstration of the parasite in biological samples from the patient through microscopic examination, by in vitro culture or animal inoculation; by molecular methods through the detection of parasite DNA; or by immunological methods through the detection of parasite antigens that may be present in urine or through the detection of specific antibodies against the parasite. Potential new methods that can be applied for laboratory diagnosis of leishmaniasis are also discussed.

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Section: Immunological Methods For Diagnosis Of Leishmaniasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Diagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current and Future Methods

et al. 2020

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“…Recombinant leishmanial antigens such as rKLO8, rKE16 and rK28 are few of them [6,7,8,9]. We in our previous studies have reported the diagnostic value of antigens, LAg, through various immunological techniques like ELISA, immunoblot, and dipstick test [5,10,11].…”

Section: Development Of Rk39mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

Ejazi

Ghosh

Bhattacharyya

et al. 2020

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Background: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a parasitic disease causes serious medical consequences if treatment is delayed. Despite a decline in the number of VL cases in the Indian Subcontinent, the commencement of the disease in newer areas continues to be a major concern. Although serological diagnosis mainly by immunochromatographic tests has been found to be effective, test for cure in different phases of treatment is still desired. Even though a good prophylactic response has been obtained in murine models by a number of vaccine candidates, few have been proposed for human use. Methods: In this study, nine antigenic components (31, 34, 36, 45, 51, 63, 72, 91 and 97 kDa) of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens, LAg, were electroeluted and evaluated through ELISA to diagnose and distinguish active VL from one month cured and six month past infection. Further, to investigate the immunogenicity of electroeluted proteins, human PBMCs of cured VL patients were stimulated with 31, 34, 51, 63, 72, and 91 kDa proteins. Results: We found that 34 and 51 kDa proteins show 100% sensitivity and specificity with healthy controls and other diseases. After six months post treatment, antibodies to 72 and 91 kDa antigens show a significant decline to almost normal levels. This suggests that 34 and 51 kDa are efficient in diagnosis whereas 72 and 91 kDa may be used to monitor treatment outcome. In another study, 51 and 63 kDa proteins demonstrated maximum ability for up-regulate IFN-g and IL-12 with minimum induction of IL-10 and TGF-β. The results indicating that 51 and 63 kDa proteins could be strong candidates for human immunization against VL. In contrast, 34 and 91 kDa demonstrated a reverse profile and may not be a good vaccine candidate. Conclusions: The preliminary data obtained in this study proposes the potential of some of the antigens in Leishmania diagnosis and for test of cure. Additionally, some antigens demonstrated good immunoprophylactic cytokine production through T cell mediated immune response suggesting future vaccine candidates for VL. However, further studies are necessary to explore these antigens in diagnosis and to access long-term immune response.

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“…Recombinant leishmanial antigens such as rKLO8, rKE16 and rK28 are few of them [6][7][8][9]. In our previous studies, we have reported the diagnostic value of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens (LAg) through various immunological techniques such as ELISA, immunoblot and dipstick test [5,10,11]. Moreover, anti-leishmanial antibodies in the sera of active and cured VL patients have shown variable reactivity against several proteins of LAg in the immunoblot assay [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

et al. 2020

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View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), is a parasitic disease that causes serious medical consequences if treatment is delayed. Despite a decline in the number of VL cases in the Indian subcontinent, the commencement of the disease in newer areas continues to be a major concern. Although serological diagnosis mainly by immunochromatographic tests has been found to be effective, a test of cure in different phases of treatment is still desired. Even though a good prophylactic response has been obtained in murine models by a number of vaccine candidates, few have been proposed for human use. Methods In this study, nine antigenic components (31, 34, 36, 45, 51, 63, 72, 91 and 97 kDa) of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens (LAg), were electroeluted and evaluated through ELISA to diagnose and distinguish active VL from one month cured and six months post-treatment patients. Further, to investigate the immunogenicity of electroeluted proteins, human PBMCs of cured VL patients were stimulated with 31, 34, 51, 63, 72 and 91 kDa proteins. Results We found that 34 and 51 kDa proteins show 100% sensitivity and specificity with healthy controls and other diseases. After six months post-treatment, antibodies to 72 and 91 kDa antigens show a significant decline to almost normal levels. This suggests that 34 and 51 kDa proteins are efficient in diagnosis, whereas 72 and 91 kDa proteins may be used to monitor treatment outcome. In another assay, 51 and 63 kDa proteins demonstrated maximum ability to upregulate IFN-γ and IL-12 with minimum induction of IL-10 and TGF-β. The results indicating that 51 and 63 kDa proteins could be strong candidates for human immunization against VL. In contrast, 34 and 91 kDa proteins demonstrated a reverse profile and may not be a good vaccine candidate. Conclusions The preliminary data obtained in this study proposes the potential of some of the antigens in Leishmania diagnosis and for test of cure. Additionally, some antigens demonstrated good immunoprophylactic cytokine production through T cell-mediated immune response, suggesting future vaccine candidates for VL. However, further studies are necessary to explore these antigens in diagnosis and to access the long-term immune response.

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A multicentric evaluation of dipstick test for serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Brazil, Ethiopia and Spain

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Laboratory Diagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current and Future Methods

Laboratory Diagnosis of Cutaneous and Visceral Leishmaniasis: Current and Future Methods

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

Investigation of the antigenicity and protective efficacy of Leishmania promastigote membrane antigens in search of potential diagnostic and vaccine candidates against visceral leishmaniasis

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