A Multicomponent Intervention Program With Overweight and Obese Adolescents Improves Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, but Not Insulin Biomarkers

Abstract

Objective: To verify the effect of a multicomponent intervention with overweight/obese adolescents on physical fitness, body composition, and insulin biomarkers.Methods: A quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents, aged 10 to 17 years, of both sexes, overweight and obese, allocated in two groups (Intervention—IG Group, n = 17; Control—GC Group, n = 20). The IGs were submitted to a multicomponent intervention for 6 months (three weekly sessions) consisting of physical exercises (sports, functional circuit, recreational, and water activities) and nutritional and psychological guidance. Participants were assessed before and after intervention on body composition [body mass index (BMI), body fat, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)], physical fitness [cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and abdominal strength], and biomarkers of insulin (glucose, insulin, evaluation of the homeostasis model of insulin, and resistin resistance). The prevalence of responders in both groups was obtained according to the theoretical model applied in previous studies similar to this one to determine the cutoff points for response to intervention. Poisson regression was used to verify the difference in the prevalence ratio (PR) of the interviewees between the groups.Results: The responders' prevalence between groups CG and IG showed significant differences for body fat (CG = 30.0%; IG = 70.6%; PR = 1.396; p < 0.001), WHR (CG = 30.0%; IG = 76.5%; PR = 1.730; p < 0.001), and CRF (CG = 15.0%; IG = 52.5%; PR = 1.580; p < 0.001).Conclusions: A 6-month multicomponent intervention program improved certain body composition parameters and the CRF of overweight and obese adolescents but did not improve insulin biomarkers.Clinical Trial Registration: Clinical Trials under Protocol ID: 54985316.0.0000.5343.

Multicomponent (bio)markers for obesity risk prediction: a scoping review protocol

“…However, and to the best of our knowledge, no systematic effort has been made to comprehensively review the existing literature on multicomponent (bio)markers and their association with obesity risk. Systematic reviews exist in selected settings such as workplace-related multicomponent interventions25 and individual multicomponent interventions for children/adolescents with obesity26 27 and adults,28 but these lack focus on prevention, including early risk markers.…”

“…This scoping review will summarise and map existing evidence, providing a holistic understanding of obesity’s complex nature influenced by various biological and non-biological factors. By identifying knowledge clusters and gaps in current literature, the scoping review will contribute to research prioritisation, guiding future directions for research on obesity prevention, especially regarding multicomponent interventions 27. The findings hold potential clinical and public health implications, offering insights into novel approaches for obesity prevention and management, impacting personalised medicine, nutrition strategies and broader public health initiatives.…”

Body Composition and Physical Fitness: Does This Relationship Change in 4 Years in Young Adults?

“…In the related literature, there are many reports from research investigating relationships between physical activity and body composition; however, they mainly focus on populations of children and adolescents as well as individuals with obesity [24,25]. On the other hand, there are few studies investigating this relationship in specific populations of young adults [26][27][28] and, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the relationship in individuals starting and approaching the end of the university course in physiotherapy.…”