A multidisciplinary approach to investigate weathering processes affecting gneissic rocks (Calabria, southern Italy)

Biondino, Deborah; Borrelli, Luigi; Critelli, Salvatore; Muto, Francesco; Apollaro, Carmine; Coniglio, Sabrina; Tripodi, Vincenzo; Perri, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2019.104372

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The original chemical data stored in the GLORICH HC was sorted to fluxes d erived f rom c hemical weathering o f r ocks ( ICWR) a t a global scale that quantifies the natural rock fluxes of single ions. Assessment of chemical weathering rates (CWR) at catchment-toglobal scale has evolved over recent years due to improvements in laboratory experiments, the compilation of river water chemical databases, and the development of technical resources in modelling (Meybeck, 1987;Probst, 1993a, 1995;Probst et al, 1994;Hartmann et al, 2014a;Perri et al, 2016;Dong et al, 2018;Biondino et al, 2020). A distinction can be drawn between two main approaches to hydrogeochemical modelling: mechanistic and empirical based models.…”

Section: Data Subset and Estimation Of Atmospheric Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CW of rocks is a complex process that is controlled by several factors that vary with soil depth, e.g. the composition of minerals (Apollaro et al, 2019;Biondino et al, 2020), and the hydrology (Gabet et al, 2006;Anderson et al, 2004;Hartmann, 2009). Boeglin and Probst (1998) showed that for large river basins, the atmospheric/soil CO 2 consumed by silicate weathering and the associated bicarbonate river fluxes are 1.8 times lower when the bedrock is covered by deep lateritic soils.…”

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A model for evaluating continental chemical weathering from riverine transports of dissolved major elements at a global scale

Lechuga-Crespo

Sánchez‐Pérez

Sauvage

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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This study presents a process-based-empirical model for the assessment of ionic fluxes derived from chemical weathering of rocks (ICWR) at a global scale. The equations are designed and the parameters fitted using riverine transport of dissolved major ions Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , Cl − , SO 4 2− , and alkalinity at a global scale by combining point sampling analysis with spatial descriptions of hydrology, climate, topography, lithology and soil variables such as mineral composition and regolith thickness. Different configurations of the model are considered and the results show that the previously reported "soil shielding" effect on chemical weathering (CW) of rocks presents different values for each of the ions considered. Overall, there is good agreement between median and ranges in observed and simulated data, but further analysis is required to downscale the model to catchment scale. Application to the global scale provides the first global ICWR map, resulting in an average cationic flux derived from chemical weathering of 734•10 6 Mg•y −1 , where 58% is Ca 2+ , 15% is Mg 2+ , 24% is Na + and 3% is K + , and an average anionic flux derived from chemical weathering of 2640•10 6 Mg•y −1 , where 74% is alkalinity, 18% is SO 4 2− , and 8% is Cl −. Hyperactive and hotspot areas are elucidated and compared between ions.

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Section: Data Subset and Estimation Of Atmospheric Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model for evaluating continental chemical weathering from riverine transports of dissolved major elements at a global scale

Lechuga-Crespo

Sánchez‐Pérez

Sauvage

et al. 2020

Global and Planetary Change

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“…Such a slip surface observed at section (A), highlighted with a red dashed line, seems to be the consequence of the debris materials overlying the slope, as the shear strain is concentrated along with the interface between the rock mass and debris, representing the least resistant surface. It has been reported that weathering is one of the factors that lead to the reduction in the inherent shear strength of the rock mass, which represents the maximum shear stress that the geological formation can withstand under slope ( Biondino et al., 2020 ; Conforti and Buttafuoco, 2017 ; Tran et al., 2019 ). Therefore, the presence of weathered materials above the slope profile section (A) indicates that there has been an alteration in the strength parameters of the slope material, such that failure is more likely in section (A).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A brief description of the lithology and geological features of the study area has been provided. The weathering grade of the slope was assessed based on the visual description, rock discolouration processes, hand scraping on rock masses and hammer, sound of the rock under the impact of a geological hammer, and Schmidt hammer tests ( Biondino et al., 2020 ; Ietto et al., 2018 ; Jun-Yao et al., 2020 ; Moses et al., 2014 ). The determination of the degree of weathering was based on the main weathering classification system, which classifies and characterises the weathering horizon into six classes from fresh/unweathered bedrock (grade I) to residual and colluvial soil (grade VI), as described in Table 1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of stability of a Himalayan road cut slope with varying degrees of weathering: A finite-element-model-based approach

Komadja

Pradhan

Roul

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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Slope stability assessment is essential for safe and sustainable development widely applied in mining, civil, and environmental engineering projects around the world. This study aimed to conduct a stability analysis of a selected Himalayan road cut slope from two different sections, named sections (A) and (B). The strength reduction factor (SRF) based on the finite element method was used to simulate the slope sections using Phase2 software. A mesh pattern of six node triangle elements was used during the numerical simulation. The Mohr-Coulomb parameters and other inputs used in the numerical modelling of the investigated slope were estimated by different geotechnical tests, namely, the direct shear test, density analysis test, rock hardness test, and Brazilian test. The results indicated that the critical SRF of the completely weathered slope profile section (A), with a relatively low overall angle, was found to be 1.25, which is approximately 50% lower than the value obtained in the moderately to highly weathered profile section (B), equal to 2.53. These results are in agreement with other published studies, which revealed that the geometry of a slope influences the weathering grade, which in turn destabilizes the slope. The results of this study will help in engineering slope design considering the influence of weathering.

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“…The evolutionary phases of sediment composition and provenance are usually understood by many statistical relations and proxy analysis like Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Weathering Index of Parker (WIP), Chemical Index of Weathering and diagrams like the relationship between CIA and WIP, A-CN-K, A-CNK-FM, etc (Biondino et al, 2020;Nesbitt and Young, 1984;Cox et al, 1995;Descourvieres et al, 2011). To understand the weathering trends, two types of ternary diagrams are used here 1) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly mature sediments in the tropical monsoonal environment of southwestern India: an appraisal based on weathering indices

Babu

Mohan

et al. 2020

EFCC

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the geochemical change experienced by laterites in Kerala, India, subjected to tropical monsoonal climate. These sediments are underlain by hard rock. The source rock characteristics have a major stake on the ultimate composition of sediments, as also the climatic conditions which an area experience. Design/methodology/approach Core samples have been obtained from several locations in a lateritic plateau. The upper portions of the borehole cores are composed of the lateritic hard cap, followed by lateritic soils. The soil samples were subjected to sediment texture analysis and XRF analysis (Bruker S4 Pioneer Sequential Wavelength-Dispersive XRF) for the determination of major elements ((in oxide form). Findings Major element geochemistry has revealed the following order of relative proportions of elements (in oxide form) SiO2 > Al2O3 > Fe2O3 > TiO2 >> Na2O > P2O5 > CaO > K2O > MgO > MnO. Even though the concentrations of SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contribute 90% of major element chemistry, there is no significant correlation found for these elements within themselves or with others. Research limitations/implications Microscale movement of elements could not be characterised in this study. This requires access to an electron probe micro analyzer. Practical implications The practical implication of tropical weathering is that enhanced chemical leaching leads to movement of most elements out of the system, except for Al, leading to the possible formation of bauxite, or aluminous laterite. Social implications The weathered products in this study provide livelihood sustenance for many of the local households, through manual production of laterite bricks, which are used in construction. Originality/value The indices of the intensity of chemical alteration/weathering like chemical index of alteration (CIA), chemical index of weathering (CIW) and weathering index of parker (WIP) reveal that the sediments indicate intense weathering of the source area prior to being deposited in the present location. This indicates enhanced monsoonal activity in the provenance areas, than that obtained today.

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A multidisciplinary approach to investigate weathering processes affecting gneissic rocks (Calabria, southern Italy)

Cited by 25 publications

References 92 publications

A model for evaluating continental chemical weathering from riverine transports of dissolved major elements at a global scale

A model for evaluating continental chemical weathering from riverine transports of dissolved major elements at a global scale

Assessment of stability of a Himalayan road cut slope with varying degrees of weathering: A finite-element-model-based approach

Highly mature sediments in the tropical monsoonal environment of southwestern India: an appraisal based on weathering indices

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