Background:The transition of patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) to the general ward is challenging. Patients and caregivers experience high levels of anxiety during the transition period.This study aimed to explain the challenges that patients face during the transition process.
Methods:In this qualitative research of conventional content analysis, data collection was conducted between February 2018 and July 2019 in educational hospitals affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences. After obtaining informed consent, purposive sampling was performed with 22 nurses, intensive care physicians, anesthesiologists, and patients and their families using in-depth semi-structured interviews until data saturation.
Results:The data obtained from the interviews indicated their perceptions and experiences, which are expressed scientifically through qualitative research. A total of 504 initial codes were extracted from continuous data analysis. The content analysis yielded three main themes in the challenges patients face during the transition process from the ICU: mixed feelings regarding transition (happiness/hope, worry/uncertainty, abandonment); care break (different atmosphere, the difference between the program and the quality of care, assigning care to the patient and family, and care culture and beliefs); and search for support and information (ineffective communication, self-care capacity of patient and family, ineffective and disrupted training, and weak follow-up programs), which inflicts care shock in the patients.
Conclusions:The results showed that patients and their families were in a state of care shock during the ICU transition process and were sometimes disconcerted. It is necessary to design and implement care models according to the needs and challenges patients face during the transition period from ICU (patient-centered), based on the evidence available, and after considering the field of medicine and the accessibility of care in the country. The transition process can be improved and enhanced by obtaining knowledge about ICU transition care and related challenges as well as organizing a learning environment.