A multidisciplinary study of Iberian Chalcolithic dogs

Blaschikoff, Ludmilla; Daza-Perea, Arantxa; Requicha, João Filipe; Detry, Cleia; Rasteiro, Rita; Guimarães, Sílvia; Ureña, Irene; Serra, Octávio; Schmidt, Ryan; Valera, António Carlos; Almeida, Nelson; Porfírio, Eduardo; Santos, Ana Beatriz Macêdo Venâncio dos; Delicado, Cátia; Simões, Fernanda; Matos, José; Amorim, Isabel R.; Petrucci-Fonseca, Francisco; Davis, Simon; Muñoz‐Mérida, Antonio; Götherström, Anders; Fernández‐Rodríguez, Carlos; Cardoso, João Luís; Ginja, Catarina; Pires, Ana Elisabete

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103338

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The whole mitogenomes of two historical Iberian wolves from Sierra Morena reported here had one haplotype (MT4) which was shared with one of the last wolves found in Sierra Morena (from 2003, [32]). The same haplotype was also found in two previously analyzed historical wolves, but no detailed locality information is available for these (dated from 1970 and 1944, [49]). However, we did not find this haplotype in any other historical or modern northern Iberian wolf.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…We also included in the analyses eight modern and three historical mitogenomes (two from the 1970s and one from 1944) of Iberian wolves from the literature (Tables 1 and 2) [44][45][46]49,50], and four mitogenomes reconstructed from four modern whole genome data sets from Iberian wolves [32,51], following the same pipeline as for new modern data (see Data analyses). For the phylogeny, data from Iberia was complemented with whole mitochondrial DNA sequences from previously published modern wolves from around the world, and two coyotes and an African golden wolf as outgroups [45].…”

Section: Sampling Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Loss of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity despite Population Growth: The Legacy of Past Wolf Population Declines

Salado

Preick

Lupiáñez-Corpas

et al. 2022

Genes

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Gray wolves (Canis lupus) in the Iberian Peninsula declined substantially in both range and population size in the last few centuries due to human persecution and habitat fragmentation. However, unlike many other western European populations, gray wolves never went extinct in Iberia. Since the minimum number was recorded around 1970, their numbers have significantly increased and then stabilized in recent decades. We analyzed mitochondrial genomes from 54 historical specimens of Iberian wolves from across their historical range using ancient DNA methods. We compared historical and current mitochondrial diversity in Iberian wolves at the 5′ end of the control region (n = 17 and 27) and the whole mitochondrial genome excluding the control region (n = 19 and 29). Despite an increase in population size since the 1970s, genetic diversity declined. We identified 10 whole mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in 19 historical specimens, whereas only six of them were observed in 29 modern Iberian wolves. Moreover, a haplotype that was restricted to the southern part of the distribution has gone extinct. Our results illustrate a lag between demographic and genetic diversity changes, and show that after severe population declines, genetic diversity can continue to be lost in stable or even expanding populations. This suggests that such populations may be of conservation concern even after their demographic trajectory has been reversed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Sampling Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity despite Population Growth: The Legacy of Past Wolf Population Declines

Salado

Preick

Lupiáñez-Corpas

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…This is well documented in texts, depicted in mosaics, and supported by objects (see Fig. 1 ) and archaeology 11 – 19 . During the Roman period dogs were particularly esteemed as pets, with a number of small dogs appearing in the Roman homeland and provinces 16 , 20 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Based on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), European dogs belong to one of the four major haplogroups A-D 34 – 36 with a dominance of A lineages in modern times, in contrast to a dominance of haplogroup C lineages during the Neolithic, suggesting a prehistoric turnover (introductions/replacements) of mtDNA lineages in Europe 1 , 4 , 37 . However, haplogroup A lineages have continuously dominated in Iberia since the Mesolithic and other lineages in central Europe have also likely survived since the Neolithic 3 , 19 , 38 . For the Roman era genetic information about dogs is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A melting pot of Roman dogs north of the Alps with high phenotypic and genetic diversity and similar diets

Granado,

Susat,

Gerling

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Several dog skeletons were excavated at the Roman town of Augusta Raurica and at the military camp of Vindonissa, located in the northern Alpine region of Switzerland (Germania Superior). The relationships between them and the people, the nature of their lives, and the circumstances of their deaths are unclear. In order to gain insight into this dog population, we collected 31 dogs deposited almost simultaneously in two wells (second half of the third century CE), three dogs from burial contexts (70–200 CE and third to fifth century CE) at Augusta Raurica, and two dogs from burial contexts at Vindonissa (ca. first century CE). We detected a mixed population of young and adult dogs including small, medium and large sized individuals. Three small dogs had conspicuous phenotypes: abnormally short legs, and one with a brachycephalic skull. Stable isotope analysis of a subset of the dogs showed that their diets were omnivorous with a substantial input of animal proteins and little variation, except one with a particularly low δ15N value, indicating a diet low in animal proteins. Partial mitochondrial DNA sequences from 25 dogs revealed eight haplotypes within canine haplogroup A (11 dogs; 44%; 5 haplotypes), C (8 dogs; 32%; 1 haplotype), D (4 dogs, 16%; 1 haplotype) and B (2 dogs, 8%; 1 haplotype). Based on shotgun sequencing, four Roman mitogenomes were assembled, representing sub-haplogroups A1b3, A1b2 and C2. No canine pathogens were identified, weakening the assumption of infectious disease as a cause for dog disposal. The genetic and morphological diversity observed in dogs of Augusta Raurica and Vindonissa is similar to modern dog diversity.

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A multidisciplinary study of Iberian Chalcolithic dogs

Cited by 2 publications

References 72 publications

Loss of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity despite Population Growth: The Legacy of Past Wolf Population Declines

Loss of Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity despite Population Growth: The Legacy of Past Wolf Population Declines

A melting pot of Roman dogs north of the Alps with high phenotypic and genetic diversity and similar diets

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