A multifunctional hydrogel fabricated via ultra-fast polymerization by graphene oxide-adsorbed liquid metal nanodroplets

Su, Yaotian; Zhao, Jiawei; Zhan, Wenwei; Yuan, Haocheng; Wu, Lingyun; Sui, Gang; Zhang, Hongtao

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2022.135018

Cited by 37 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…And the stress accumulation may damage devices, limiting their lifespan. Moreover, a large amount of nondegradable e-waste causes many environmental problems. − To improve the durability and reliability of materials, it is an effective strategy to provide wearable flexible sensors with self-healing performance. In the booming sensor fields, it is highly desirable to design a conductive hydrogel with self-healing, high sensitivity, and superb mechanical performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal-Doped Conductive Hydrogel for Construction of Multifunctional Sensors

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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Interest in wearable and stretchable multifunctional sensors has grown rapidly in recent years. The sensing elements must accurately detect external stimuli to expand their applicability as sensors. However, the sensor's self-healing and adhesion to a target object have been major challenges in developing such practical and versatile devices. In this study, we prepared a hydrogel (LM-SA-PAA) composed of liquid metal (LM), sodium alginate (SA), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with ultrastretchable, excellent self-healing, self-adhesive, and high-sensitivity sensing capabilities that enable the conformal contact between the sensor and skin even during dynamic movements. The excellent selfhealing performance of the hydrogel stems from its double cross-linked networks, including physical and chemical cross-linked networks. The physical cross-link formed by the ionic interaction between the carboxyl groups of PAA and gallium ions provide the hydrogel with reversible autonomous repair properties, whereas the covalent bond provides the hydrogel with a stable and strong chemical network. Alginate forms a microgel shell around LM nanoparticles via the coordination of its carboxyl groups with Ga ions. In addition to offering exceptional colloidal stability, the alginate shell has sufficient polar groups, ensuring that the hydrogel adheres to diverse substrates. Based on the efficient electrical pathway provided by the LM, the hydrogel exhibited strain sensitivity and enabled the detection of various human motions and electrocardiographic monitoring. The preparation method is simple and versatile and can be used for the low-cost fabrication of multifunctional sensors, which have broad application prospects in human− machine interface compatibility and medical monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Metal-Doped Conductive Hydrogel for Construction of Multifunctional Sensors

Zhou

Xiao

et al. 2023

Anal. Chem.

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“…Catechol has a strong coordination effect with Fe 3+ , each of which can form coordination bonds with three catechol groups, thus greatly improving the crosslinking strength of hydrogels. In addition to the commonly used Ca 2+ and Fe 3+ , Ga 3+ is also used to construct new crosslinking points in hydrogels [ 27 , 33 ]. Using the liquid metal nanoparticles of Ga (gallium), GO is reduced in situ during the preparation of hydrogels to form a crosslinking system with the participation of Ga 3+ .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical crosslinking is one of the forms of hydrogel crosslinking networks, especially in composite hydrogels, the physical entanglement between matrix polymers and nano materials can improve their mechanical properties [ 27 , 30 , 43 , 52 , 54 ]. As a two-dimensional material, GO has a large specific surface area, which makes it so obvious that it is entangled by matrix polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene oxide composite hydrogels for wearable devices

2022

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For graphene oxide (GO) composite hydrogels, a two-dimensional GO material is introduced into them, whose special structure is used to improve their properties. GO contains abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, which can improve the mechanical properties of hydrogels and support the application needs. Especially, the unique-conjugated structure of GO can endow or enhance the stimulation response of hydrogels. Therefore, GO composite hydrogels have a great potential in the field of wearable devices. We referred to the works published in recent years, and reviewed from these aspects: (a) structure of GO; (b) factors affecting the mechanical properties of the composite hydrogel, including hydrogen bond, ionic bond, coordination bond and physical crosslinking; (c) stimuli and signals; (d) challenges. Finally, we summarized the research progress of GO composite hydrogels in the field of wearable devices, and put forward some prospects.

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“…On the one hand, the mechanical properties and structures of hydrogels are improved by designing unique network structures or by special preparation technologies. 15−18 On the other hand, conductivity of hydrogels is achieved by introducing various conductive components, such as soluble salts, 19 ionic liquids, 20 carbon nanomaterials, 21 metal nanomaterials, 22 MXene, 23 and liquid metals. 24 However, most conventional hydrogels for flexible electronic devices are prepared by free radical polymerization utilizing double-bond-containing monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Fabrication of All-Biopolymer-Derived Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Mechanosensors and Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

Zheng

Zhou

Wei

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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Traditional synthetic hydrogels for flexible electronic devices are mostly derived from nonsustainable polymers, resulting in environmental pollution. Herein, scalable, moldable, and stretchable ionic hydrogels are synthesized utilizing two model biopolymers, κ-carrageenan (κ-CG) and amylopectin (Amy). In such hydrogels, physically cross-linked κ-CG networks work as a relatively rigid component to maintain the shape of hydrogels, Amy networks cross-linked by borate/cis-diol dynamic covalent bonds help to improve the stretchability, and ZnSO4 is introduced as an ionic conductive component. The hydrogels, denoted as κ-CG/Amy/Zn2+ hydrogels, exhibit acceptable stretchability (>100%) because of the special cross-linking structure and ionic conductivity (2.9 S·m–1) due to the existence of various ions. Flexible mechanosensors (resistive strain sensors and capacitive pressure sensors) are demonstrated utilizing κ-CG/Amy/Zn2+ hydrogels, and high gauge factors (0.76 for strain sensors and 0.77 kPa–1 for pressure sensors) are achieved. Interestingly, κ-CG/Amy/Zn2+ hydrogels also work as quasi-solid-state electrolytes in zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors, which exhibit an initial specific capacity of 47.4 mAh·g–1 at a current density of 3 A·g–1 and stable charge/discharge ability in more than 42,000 cycles. The sustainable biopolymer hydrogels may provide promising eco-friendly materials for future wearable devices and energy storage systems.

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A multifunctional hydrogel fabricated via ultra-fast polymerization by graphene oxide-adsorbed liquid metal nanodroplets

Cited by 37 publications

References 54 publications

Liquid Metal-Doped Conductive Hydrogel for Construction of Multifunctional Sensors

Liquid Metal-Doped Conductive Hydrogel for Construction of Multifunctional Sensors

Graphene oxide composite hydrogels for wearable devices

Scalable Fabrication of All-Biopolymer-Derived Conductive Hydrogels for Flexible Mechanosensors and Zinc-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors

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