Electroadhesion has shown the potential to deliver versatile
handling
devices because of its simplicity of actuation and rapid response.
Current electroadhesion systems have, however, significant difficulties
in adapting to external objects with complex shapes. Here, a novel
concept of metasurface is proposed by combining the use of natural
fibers (flax) and shape memory epoxy polymers in a hygromorphic and
thermally actuated composite (HyTemC). The biobased material composite
can be used to manipulate adhesive surfaces with high precision and
controlled environmental actuation. The HyTemC concept is preprogrammed
to store controllable moisture and autonomous desorption when exposed
to the operational environment, and can reach predesigned bending
curvatures up to 31.9 m–1 for concave and 29.6 m–1 for convex shapes. The actuated adhesive surface
shapes are generated via the architected metasurface structure, incorporating
an electroadhesive component integrated with the programmable biobased
materials. This biobased metasurface stimulated by the external environment
provides a large taxonomy of shapesfrom flat, circular, single/double
concave, and wavy, to piecewise, polynomial, trigonometric, and airfoil
configurations. The objects handled by the biobased metasurface can
be fragile because of the high conformal matching between contacting
surfaces and the absence of compressive adhesion. These natural fiber-based
and environmentally friendly electroadhesive metasurfaces can significantly
improve the design of programmable object handling technologies, and
also provide a sustainable route to lower the carbon and emission
footprint of smart structures and robotics.