“…Researchers have reported additional factors that create various levels of technostress experienced by teachers, including technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK; Waluyo & Nuraini, 2021 ), self-efficacy (Chou and Chou, 2021 ; Dong et al, 2020 ), experience with technology (Salem, 2018 ; Upadhyaya & Virinda, 2020 ), and organization culture and commitments (Balduzzi et al, 2020 ; Camarena & Fusi, 2022 ). Studies have also reported that TPACK is the ideal model for guiding teachers in using new technology in teaching processes (Dong et al, 2020 ; Soler-Costa et al, 2021 ).…”