A multilevel gain all‐optical gain‐controlled EDFA with suppressed relaxation oscillations

Abstract

The characterization of an all‐optical gain‐controlled erbium‐doped fiber amplifier using an embedded variable optical attenuator in the feedback loop is presented. The gain is controlled by the attenuation level with high equalization. The amplifier presents low noise figure and strongly suppressed relaxation oscillations during channel add and drop. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1222–1225, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21575

Minimization of gain error due to Spectral Hole Burning using HGC-EDFA with generalized dynamic gain range

“…The proposed hybrid technique uses an extended input power range all-optical gain control scheme combined with a fast electronic feedback control (read/act cycle less than 9 us), The detailed analysis of the extended all-optical gain control scheme is presented in [5].…”

“…Together with the availability of 980-nm pump lasers packaged in mini-DIL capsules, these advances have allowed for circuit configurations that deliver improved gain and noise figure performances, embedded chromatic dispersion compensation, and multi-band operation [3]. Automatic gain control (AGC) is another important feature added to EDFAs [4][5]. In fact, gain control becomes crucial in saturated amplifiers when frequent gain variations are induced by optical power changes as a result of network reconfigurations or optical channels add/drop.…”

An EDFA hybrid gain control technique for extended input power and dynamic gain ranges with suppressed transients

“…The detailed analysis of the extended all-optical gain control scheme is presented in [5]. A variable optical attenuator (VOA) is placed inside the optical path to maximize the transmitted channel gain by controlling the efficiency of the control channel located at 1528 nm.…”

“…Together with the availability of 980-nm pump lasers packaged in mini-DIL capsules, these advances allowed the proposal of circuit configurations for better gain and noise figure performances, embedded chromatic dispersion compensation and multi-band operation [3]. Automatic Gain Control (AGC), performed either by electronic or all-optical techniques, was another important feature recently added to EDFAs [4][5]. In fact, gain control becomes crucial in saturated amplifiers when frequent gain variations are induced by optical power changes due to network reconfiguration or add/drop operations in the optical channels.…”

Dynamic gain equalization for erbium doped fiber amplifiers based on optoceramic sinusoidal filter cascade

“…In this way, network nodes and optical amplifiers will experience a random number of incoming wavelengths that leads to random power fluctuations at the input of erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), changing the amplifier gain profile. Power changes at EDFA inputs result in amplifier gain variations [1, 2]. By considering the EDFA gain‐wavelength dependence along the C‐band and the gain dependence related to the optical input power in reconfigurable optical networks, EDFAs play an important role in the lack of equalization of WDM channel amplitudes, fact that becomes even worse in case of EDFA cascades.…”