A multimode fiber refractive index sensor

Apriyanto, Haris; Ravet, G.; Bernal, Olivier D.; Cattoen, Michel; Lizion, F.; Seat, Han Cheng; Chavagnac, Valérie

doi:10.1109/icsens.2016.7808490

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The MMF sensor can be realized by stripping a certain length of its cladding and buffer or coating. A polymer variant of SAN [12,14,16] with an RI value of 1.5496 RIU at a wavelength of 1052 nm, is used as the polymeric host. To synthesize the sensing film, a carefully-proportioned quantity of the 1,1,2,2,-tetrachloroethane solvent is used to dissolve both cryptophane-A and SAN, as reported in [17].…”

Section: A Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to (1), we thus obtain a sensitivity of 18µV/ppm (or 180 mV/10000 ppm). Corresponding to this sensitivity value, the limit of detection (LOD) can be estimated as a function of the noise level of the sensing MMF (rms) by [16,17,19] The noise level achieved for the refractometer is currently ~1.187mVrms, corresponding to an LOD of 186 ppm or 0.0186% CH4 obtained by (2).…”

Section: ~225 µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MMF evanescent wave sensor based on intensity modulation, on the other hand, while relatively simple and cost-effective to realize, has been reported to potentially offer very good resolution and sensitivity [13,15]. In our previous work [16,17], three operating RI regimes were identified and modeled in MMFbased refractometric sensor. This paper will thus describe development effort on intensity-based MMF sensor for methane gas detection through functionalized polymeric thin films encapsulating cryptophane-A supramolecular traps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical fiber methane sensor using refractometry

Apriyanto¹,

Bernal

Lizion

et al. 2019

2019 Ieee Sensors

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One potential application of fiber refractometers is gas detection. In this work, a multimode fiber (MMF) refractomer has been designed as a CH4 sensor by de-cladding 2 cm of the MMF and then functionalizing this region using a polymeric thin film of cryptophane-A supramolecules incorporated within a styrene acrylonitrile (SAN) host. CH4 concentration is subsequently measured by observing the variation of the transmitted optical power along the MMF compared to an unfunctionalized MMF used as reference. This variation is induced by the modification of the refractive index of the functionalized film due to CH4 concentration variation. The proposed sensor is potentially of lower cost than alternative sensors and can detect CH4 concentration with a resolution of 186 ppm at a relatively fast response of ~25 s.

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Section: A Sensor Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ~225 µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical fiber methane sensor using refractometry

Apriyanto¹,

Bernal

Lizion

et al. 2019

2019 Ieee Sensors

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“…Nevertheless, one RI measurement method which is widely exploited is the optical intensity-based refractometer [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] due to its simplicity and cost effectiveness. In such a scheme, a variation in the RI value will induce a variation in the optical power or intensity to be measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In such a scheme, a variation in the RI value will induce a variation in the optical power or intensity to be measured. OFR techniques based on optical intensity modulation have been realized using tapered MMFs [9][10][11], back-reflection fiber core tips [12][13][14], dual MMF set-ups similar to the fiber bundle proximity sensor [15,16], D-shaped multimode plastic optical fibers [17,18], and stripped-cladding MMFs [19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Optical Fiber Refractometer for Large Dynamic Range Measurements

et al. 2020

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A fiber refractometer with large dynamic range from 1.316 to 1.61 RIU has been realized using a hybrid configuration of a single-mode fiber (SMF) coupled to a stripped-cladding multimode fiber (MMF) as sensing element. An extended analysis of the diffraction principle of a Gaussian beam is specifically developed for this sensor configuration to determine the injected power density into the MMF which, when subsequently combined with ray optics, analytical wave optics and Fresnel equations, enables the sensor response to be comprehensively estimated. Simulation results have been experimentally corroborated to very high agreement for a 2-cm and a 5-cm decladded section of multimode fiber used as the sensing element. The results show, for the shorter sensor (2 cm), a very high sensitivity of ~-250 a.u./RIU being achieved in the Zone II operating regime, i.e. for indices between the cladding and core indices together with a resolution of 2.76×10-6 RIU being attained. In addition, the developed models have been used to accurately predict the response of sensing elements of various lengths, hence demonstrating the potential capability of this research to be exploited for optimizing bespoke design of fiber refractometers of any arbitrary sensing lengths or dimensions. As an example, we present the design of a refractometer achieving a maximum sensitivity of 300 a.u./RIU with a potential resolution of 2.26 ×10-6 RIU.

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Comprehensive Modeling of Multimode Fiber Sensors for Refractive Index Measurement and Experimental Validation

Apriyanto

Ravet

Bernal

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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We propose and develop a comprehensive model for estimating the refractive index (RI) response over three potential sensing zones in a multimode fiber. The model has been developed based on a combined ray optics, Gaussian beam, and wave optics analysis coupled to the consideration of the injected interrogating lightwave characteristics and validated experimentally through the realization of three sensors with different lengths of stripped cladding sections as the sensing region. The experimental results highly corroborate and validate the simulation output from the model for the three RI sensing zones. The sensors can be employed over a very wide dynamic RI range from 1.316 to over 1.608 at a wavelength of 1550 nm, with the best resolution of 2.2447 × 10−5 RI unit (RIU) obtained in Zone II for a 1-cm sensor length.

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A multimode fiber refractive index sensor

Cited by 5 publications

References 19 publications

Optical fiber methane sensor using refractometry

Optical fiber methane sensor using refractometry

Analysis and Design of a Hybrid Optical Fiber Refractometer for Large Dynamic Range Measurements

Comprehensive Modeling of Multimode Fiber Sensors for Refractive Index Measurement and Experimental Validation

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