“…In academia and industry, a large number of inorganic nanoparticles are often added as fillers into organic materials to make the products have optical, 1 mechanical, 2 thermal, 3 magnetic, 4 and other properties. 5 For example, the crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is often introduced into polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate to improve the mechanical properties and ultra-violet protection factor (UPF) of PET fiber.…”