Requirements for increasingly complex, scalable, and dynamic wireless networks, which provide assured end-to-end broadband connectivity in a wide range of scenarios, have been emerging. In this context, we have been investigating wireless technologies that provide extremely high data rates through the use of narrow-beam free space optical (FSO) and/or radio-frequency (RF) pointto-point links. The use of directional wireless communications to form flexible backbone networks, which provide broadband connectivity to capacity-limited wireless networks or hosts using omnidirectional transmission, promises to circumvent the scalability limitations of traditional flat wireless networks.We have been investigating backbones of base stations, in which topologies and mobility can be controlled for purposes of assured communications.