A multiparametric approach to improve upon existing prostate cancer screening and biopsy recommendations

Abstract

Purpose of review To provide an overview of how genetic, serum, and urine biomarkers can help identify men at high risk for prostate cancer (PCa) and aggressive disease and men who would benefit from prostate biopsy. Recent findings Screening for PCa is controversial because of concerns about overdiagnosis and overtreatment of nonlife-threatening tumors. Therefore, an approach to screening that includes a detailed family history with genetic testing of risk single nucleotide polymorphisms and high-penetrance genetic variants should be considered. After an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level has been confirmed, obtaining additional information (family history, biomarkers, and imaging) should be considered before recommending a prostate biopsy. Summary There are now genetic tests that can help identify men who would benefit from PSA testing. Additional biomarker and imaging tests should be offered to those men who are confirmed to have elevated PSA values. These new biomarkers and imaging tests can improve the specificity of PSA testing while missing a small percentage of high-grade tumors. The path forward involves a multiparametric risk assessment based on clinical data and these new tests.

Description of Candida auris Occurrence in a Tertiary Health Institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

“…It is noteworthy that an alternative multiparametric approach may have been successfully used in some research, e.g., to identify high-risk prostate cancer (with a Gleason score of at least 7) with better sensitivity and specificity than that provided by PSA screening alone [68]. However, our approach is to identify and isolate potentially infected or colonized patients based on epidemiological criteria for the purpose of early recognition and isolation, and not on clinical criteria for treatment purposes.…”

Descriptive View on Candida Auris Occurrence in a Tertiary Health Institution in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

“…[65] It is noteworthy that an alternative approach: multiparametric approach may have been successfully used in some research, e.g., to identify high-risk prostate cancer (with a Gleason score of at least 7) with better sensitivity and specificity than that provided by PSA screening alone. [72] However, our approach is to identify and isolate potentially infected or colonized patients based on epidemiological criteria for the purpose of early recognition and isolation, and not on clinical criteria for treatment purposes.…”