A Multiphase Model for the Numerical Simulation of Ice-Formation in Sea-Water

Covello, V.; Abbà, Antonella; Bonaventura, Luca; Rocca, Alessandro Della; Valdettaro, Lorenzo

doi:10.7712/100016.1850.8165

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…For the present idealized modeling study, formula 20is sufficient to capture the leading-order effects related to the ν(c) variability. Following Covello et al (2016), the net liquid-solid drag force for a single dispersed phase can be computed from the following:…”

Section: Frazil Influence On Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

Herman¹,

Dojczman²,

Świszcz³

2020

The Cryosphere

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Abstract. Frazil and grease ice forms in the ocean mixed layer (OML) during highly turbulent conditions (strong wind, large waves) accompanied by intense heat loss to the atmosphere. Three main velocity scales that shape the complex, three-dimensional (3D) OML dynamics under those conditions are the friction velocity u* at the ocean–atmosphere interface, the vertical velocity w* associated with convective motion, and the vertical velocity w*,L associated with Langmuir turbulence. The fate of buoyant particles, e.g., frazil crystals, in that dynamic environment depends primarily on their floatability, i.e., the ratio of their rising velocity wt to the characteristic vertical velocity, which is dependent on w* and w*,L. In this work, the dynamics of frazil ice is investigated numerically with the high-resolution, non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity Model), extended to account for frazil transport and its interactions with surrounding water. An idealized model setup is used (a square computational domain with periodic lateral boundaries, spatially uniform atmospheric and wave forcing). The model reproduces the main features of buoyancy- and wave-forced OML circulation, including the preferential concentration of frazil particles in elongated patches at the sea surface. Two spatial patterns are identified in the distribution of frazil volume fraction at the surface: one related to individual surface convergence zones, very narrow, and oriented approximately parallel to the wind/wave direction and one in the form of wide streaks with a separation distance of a few hundred meters, oriented obliquely to the direction of the forcing. Several series of simulations are performed, differing in terms of the level of coupling between the frazil and hydrodynamic processes, from a situation when frazil has no influence on hydrodynamics (as in most models of material transport in the OML) to a situation in which frazil modifies the net density, effective viscosity, and transfer coefficients at the ocean–atmosphere interface and exerts a net drag force on the surrounding water. The role of each of those effects in shaping the bulk OML characteristics and frazil transport is assessed, and the density of the ice–water mixture is found to have the strongest influence on those characteristics.

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Section: Frazil Influence On Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

Herman¹,

Dojczman²,

Świszcz³

2020

The Cryosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Following Covello et al (2016), the net liquid-solid drag force for a single dispersed phase can be computed from:…”

Section: Frazil Influence On Hydrodynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

Herman¹,

Dojczman²,

Świszcz³

2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Frazil and grease ice forms in the ocean mixed layer (OML) during highly turbulent conditions (strong wind, large waves) accompanied by intense heat loss to the atmosphere. Three main velocity scales that shape the complex, three-dimensional OML dynamics under those conditions are: the friction velocity u* at the ocean--atmosphere interface, the vertical velocity w* associated with convective motion, and the vertical velocity w*,L associated with Langmuir turbulence. The fate of buoyant particles, e.g. frazil crystals, in that dynamic environment depends primarily on their floatability, i.e., the ratio of their rising velocity wt to the characteristic vertical velocity, dependent on w* and w*,L. In this work, dynamics of frazil ice is investigated numerically with a high-resolution, non-hydrostatic hydrodynamic model CROCO (Coastal and Regional Ocean COmmunity Model), extended to account for frazil transport and its interactions with surrounding water. An idealized model setup is used (a square computational domain with periodic lateral boundaries; spatially uniform atmospheric and wave forcing). The model reproduces the main features of buoyancy- and wave-forced OML circulation, including the preferential concentration of frazil particles in elongated patches at the sea surface. Two spatial patterns are identified in the distribution of frazil volume fraction at the surface, one related to individual surface convergence zones, very narrow and oriented approximately parallel to the wind/wave direction, and one in the form of wide streaks with separation distance of a few hundreds meters, oriented obliquely to the direction of the forcing. Several series of simulations are performed, differing in terms of the level of coupling between the frazil and hydrodynamic processes: from a situation when frazil has no influence on hydrodynamics (as in most models of material transport in the OML) to a situation when frazil modifies the net density, effective viscosity, transfer coefficients at the ocean--atmosphere interface and exerts a net drag force on the surrounding water. The role of each of those effects in shaping the bulk OML characteristics and frazil transport is assessed, and the density of the ice–water mixture is found to have the strongest influence on those characteristics.

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“…While these studies together with relevant reviews (Worster 1997;Wells, Hitchen & Parkinson 2019;Anderson & Guba 2020) provide a detailed, thorough and multi-perspective understanding of brine drainage and mushy phase structure, the interactions between the mushy structure and a neighbouring vigorous thermal convective flow are much less explored. A few studies discussing the growth of sea ice focus either on establishing governing momentum and energy equations suitable for numerical simulations (Feltham et al 2006;Covello et al 2016;Wells et al 2019), or on theoretical models that view ice growth as purely diffusion controlled (Notz 2005;Worster & Rees Jones 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea water freezing modes in a natural convection system

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2023

J. Fluid Mech.

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Sea ice is crucial in many natural processes and human activities. Understanding the dynamical couplings between the inception, growth and equilibrium of sea ice and the rich fluid mechanical processes occurring at its interface and interior is of relevance in many domains, ranging from geophysics to marine engineering. Here we investigate experimentally the complete freezing process of water with dissolved salt in a standard natural convection system, i.e. the prototypical Rayleigh–Bénard cell. Due to the presence of a mushy phase, the studied system is considerably more complex than the freezing of fresh water in the same conditions (Wang et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 118, issue 10, 2021, e2012870118). We measure the ice thickness and porosity at the dynamical equilibrium state for different initial salinities of the solution and temperature gaps across the cell. These observables are non-trivially related to the controlling parameters of the system as they depend on the heat transport mode across the cell. We identify in the experiments five out of the six possible modes of heat transport. We highlight the occurrence of brine convection through the mushy ice and of penetrative convection in stably stratified liquid underlying the ice. A one-dimensional multi-layer heat flux model built on the known scaling relations of global heat transport in natural convection systems in liquids and porous media is proposed. Given the measured porosity of the ice, it allows us to predict the corresponding ice thickness, in a unified framework.

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A Multiphase Model for the Numerical Simulation of Ice-Formation in Sea-Water

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

High-resolution simulations of interactions between surface ocean dynamics and frazil ice

Sea water freezing modes in a natural convection system

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