As an extension of Pythagorean fuzzy sets, the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy sets (q‐ROFSs) can easily solve uncertain information in a broader perspective. Considering the fine property of q‐ROFSs, we introduce q‐ROFSs into decision‐theoretic rough sets (DTRSs) and use it to portray the loss function. According to the Bayesian decision procedure, we further construct a basic model of q‐rung orthopair fuzzy decision‐theoretic rough sets (q‐ROFDTRSs) under the q‐rung orthopair fuzzy environment. At the same time, we design the corresponding method for the deduction of three‐way decisions by utilizing projection‐based distance measures and TOPSIS. Then, we extend q‐ROFDTRSs to adapt the group decision‐making (GDM) scenario. To fuse different experts’ evaluation results, we propose some new aggregation operators of q‐ROFSs by utilizing power average (PA) and power geometric (PG) operators, that is, q‐rung orthopair fuzzy power average, q‐rung orthopair fuzzy power weighted average (q‐ROFPWA), q‐rung orthopair fuzzy power geometric, and q‐rung orthopair fuzzy power weighted geometric (q‐ROFPWG). In addition, with the aid of q‐ROFPWA and q‐ROFPWG, we investigate three‐way decisions with q‐ROFDTRSs under the GDM situation. Finally, we give the example of a rural e‐commence GDM problem to illustrate the application of our proposed method and verify our results by conducting two comparative experiments.