A multiple scoring method for the assessment of complex memory functions.

Russell, Elbert W.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.43.6.800

Cited by 639 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Eight paragraphs were used which have been shown to be comparable in recall and sensitivity (unpublished data). Scores for both correct and inaccurate recall were tabulated based on a modification of established scoring methods (Russell 1975;Gangarosa et al 1988). Immediate and delayed total correct scores for verbatim recall and commission errors were analyzed.…”

Section: Declarative Memory Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine-Induced NMDA Receptor Hypofunction as a Model of Memory Impairment and Psychosis

Newcomer

Farber

Jevtović-Todorović

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

546

350

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Considerable research interest has recently been focused on the role of glutamate and related neural circuitry in the neurobiology of schizophrenia. The results of these investigations have emphasized hypofunction of glutamatergic neurons and/or the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor (Tsai et al. 1995;Kim et al. 1980aKim et al. , 1980bSherman et al. 1991;Deutsch et al. 1989;Javitt and Zukin 1991;Olney 1988a;Olney 1988b;Olney and Farber 1995). An important element of several of these theoretical positions is that NMDA receptor hypofunction (NRH) produced by any mechanism can be psychotogenic. This has renewed interest in the clinical effects of NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists.Ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP) are non-competitive NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists (Zukin and Zukin 1979;Vincent et al. 1979;Lodge and Anis 1982;Lodge et al. 1987) which can produce a transient state of NRH in the brain. Early investigators characterized a PCP-induced clinical syndrome of schizophrenia-like Received March 18, 1998; revised June 19, 1998; accepted June 29, 1998. N EUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 1999 -VOL . 20 , NO . 2 NMDA Receptor Hypofunction Induced Memory Decrease 107 symptoms, including hallucinations, delusions, idiosyncratic and illogical thinking, poverty of speech and thought, agitation, disturbances of emotion, affect, withdrawal, decreased motivation, and dissociation (Johnstone et al. 1959;Luby et al. 1959;Rosenbaum et al. 1959;Luby et al. 1962;Corssen and Domino 1966;Bakker and Amini 1961;Davies and Beech 1960;Domino and Luby 1981). This PCP-induced syndrome can be indistinguishable from acute presentations of schizophrenia (Yesavage and Freeman 1978;Erard et al. 1980). Ketamine, a PCP analog still used in human anesthesia, has been reported to cause reactions similar to but not as severe as those caused by PCP, including brief, reversible "positive" and "negative" schizophrenia-like symptoms (Krystal et al. 1994;Malhotra et al. 1996). Both PCP and ketamine can exacerbate psychosis in schizophrenia Luby et al. 1962;Lahti et al. 1995a;Lahti et al. 1995b;Malhotra et al. 1997).Declarative, explicit or secondary memory and learning deficits in patients with schizophrenia occur early in the course of the illness and are quantitatively large compared with deficits in other differentiated elements of cognitive performance, showing stability "on" versus "off" antipsychotic medication and over repeated testing (Gruzelier et al. 1988;Saykin et al. 1991Saykin et al. , 1994Cannon et al. 1994). Clinical and preclinical investigations suggest the hypothesis that changes in NMDA glutamate receptor activity in patients with schizophrenia may be causally related to memory impairments found in this disorder. Relevant to this hypothesis, the activation of post-synaptic NMDA receptors is important for the induction of the activity-dependent synaptic modification called long-term potentiation (LTP) (Bliss and Collingridge 1993;Collingridge and Bliss 1995), and hippocampal LTP has been postulated to underlie cert...

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Section: Declarative Memory Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine-Induced NMDA Receptor Hypofunction as a Model of Memory Impairment and Psychosis

Newcomer

Farber

Jevtović-Todorović

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

546

350

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“…Entre los estudios más completos sobre la memoria destacan los realizados con la versión de Rusell de la Escala Revisada de Memoria Wechsler (Rusell, 1975). Así, varios autores, (Acker, Ron, Lishman y Shaw, 1984;Hightower y Anderson, 1986;Nixon, Kujawski, Parsons y Yohman, 1987), constataron que, al evaluar a sujetos alcohólicos con esta prueba y comparar los resultados obtenidos con un grupo de control, los primeros presentaban deficiencias en los índices de memoria general, atención y concentración, memoria visual y memoria demorada.…”

Section: Memoria Visualunclassified

Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en el alcoholismo: una revisión sobre la afectación de la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas

Landa¹,

Fernández‐Montalvo

Ustárroz

2004

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El estudio de los déficit neuropsicológicos en los sujetos alcohólicos ha cobrado una especial relevancia en las últimas décadas. Esto se debe fundamentalmente a sus implicaciones en aspectos tan importantes como son el pronóstico terapéu-tico y el diseño de estrategias adecuadas de intervención. Este artículo presenta una revisión de los principales estudios sobre la afectación de la memoria y de las funciones ejecutivas en alcohólicos. Los resultados, aunque con ciertas discrepancias, sugieren la existencia de una alteración en la capacidad mnésica, que afecta sobre todo a la memoria de trabajo y a estrategias de aprendizaje. Asimismo se constata la presencia de un déficit en las funciones ejecutivas en los sujetos alcohólicos. Por otro lado, se valora la posibilidad de que esté déficit en las funciones ejecutivas actúe como un factor de vulnerabilidad a desarrollar alcoholismo. Palabras clave: Alcoholismo. Déficit neuropsicológicos. Memoria de trabajo. Funciones ejecutivas. Vulnerabilidad. ABSTRACTResearch into neuropsychological deficit in alcoholics has acquired a special prominence in the last decade. This is due to its importance for both the therapeutic outcome and the therapeutic design. A review of the main studies on memory impairments and on executive cognitive functioning in alcoholics is presented in this article. Results show a disturbance in the memory, especially in the working memory and in the learning strategies, although there are some discrepancies. In addition, data supporting the existence of a dysexecutive syndrome in alcoholics have been reported. Lastly, the influence of the executive cognitive function as a vulnerability factor in developing alcoholism is analysed.

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“…The neuropsychological test battery examined verbal and performance IQ using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised (Wechsler, 1987). Memory function in verbal and nonverbal domains was assessed using the Wechsler Memory Scale (Russell, 1975), the Rey AuditoryVerbal Learning Test (Rey, 1941) for verbal memory, and the Benton Visual Retention Test (Benton, 1974(Benton, 1974) and the Complex Figure Delayed Recall Test (Osterrieth, 1944) for visuospatial memory. Visual perception was tested using the Judgement of Line Orientation Test (Benton, 1974).…”

Section: Methods Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuomotor tracking abilities of speakers with apraxia of speech or conduction aphasia

et al. 2008

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This investigation examined the visuomotor tracking abilities of persons with apraxia of speech (AOS) or conduction aphasia (CA). In addition, tracking performance was correlated with perceptual judgments of speech accuracy. Five individuals with AOS and four with CA served as participants, as well as an equal number of healthy controls matched by age and gender. Participants tracked predictable (sinusoidal) and unpredictable signals using jaw and lip movements transduced with strain gauges. Tracking performance in participants with AOS was poorest for predictable signals, with decreased kinematic measures of cross-correlation and gain ratio and increased target-tracker difference. In contrast, tracking of the unpredictable signal by participants with AOS was performed as well as for other groups (e.g. participants with CA, healthy controls). Performance of the subjects with AOS on the predictable tracking task was found to strongly correlate with perceptual judgments of speech. These findings suggest that motor control capabilities are impaired in AOS, but not in CA. Results suggest that AOS has its basis in motor programming deficits, not impaired motor execution.In their taxonomy of motor speech disorders, Darley, Aronson, and Brown (1975) claimed that apraxia of speech (AOS) has its basis in the impaired planning and programming of speech motor patterns. Controversy about AOS in the ensuing decades focused on whether the disorder was best defined from a motoric or a linguistic perspective (for review see Ballard, Granier, & Robin, 2000;McNeil, Robin, & Schmidt, 2008). Data suggest that AOS is a disorder of motor control of the speech production system (e.g. Ballard & Robin, 2007;Itoh & Sasanuma, Address correspondence to: Donald A. Robin, Ph.D., Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, MC 7777, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, robind@uthscsa.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1984; Kelso & Tuller, 1981;Kent & McNeil, 1987;Maas et al., 2006;McNeil, Caligiuri, & Rosenbek, 1989;McNeil, Weismer, Adams, & Mulligan, 1990). However, the database on movement control in AOS is remarkably limited. Consequently, an understanding and description of the movement patterns of speakers with apraxia remains elusive. NIH Public AccessA problem with much of the literature on AOS is that most studies have used individuals with multiple problems (e.g., apraxia and aphasia) or provided incomplete subject descriptions (McNeil et al., 2008). Relatively few studies have examined th...

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A multiple scoring method for the assessment of complex memory functions.

Cited by 639 publications

References 20 publications

Ketamine-Induced NMDA Receptor Hypofunction as a Model of Memory Impairment and Psychosis

Ketamine-Induced NMDA Receptor Hypofunction as a Model of Memory Impairment and Psychosis

Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en el alcoholismo: una revisión sobre la afectación de la memoria y las funciones ejecutivas

Visuomotor tracking abilities of speakers with apraxia of speech or conduction aphasia

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