A multisource energy harvesting utilizing highly efficient ferroelectric PMN-PT single crystal

Abstract

A multi-source Energy Harvester employing simultaneously piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) single crystal is demonstrated. The article presents a study of PMN-PT with (67:33) composition single crystal grown in our laboratory via a vertical gradient freeze method with no flux. The performances of the piezoelectric and pyroelectric energy harvester using unimorphs were evaluated via modeling and experiments. The theoretical study was implemented based on single degree-of-freedom model. The modelling procedure was approximated using finite element method to predict the electromechanical behavior of these harvesters. The maximum power density at resonance frequency 51 Hz and optimum resistance of 7 kΩ was 5.2 µW/ (g 2 cm 3 ) under acceleration of vibration base of 1 g. The measured values of electrical output parameters were in good agreement with theoretical and modelling results using MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics respectively. By using pyroelectric effect along with the piezoelectric one, the output voltage of energy harvester was found to be enhanced at optimum resistance and different frequency values. It has been noticed that the output voltage is increased monotonically with temperaturedifference (ΔT).

A versatile and fully instrumented test station for piezoelectric energy harvesters

“…From Figure 5, it can be observed that maximum output voltage (occurring at resonance) increases slightly with the increase in resistive load value. Figure 6 shows the variation calculated power as a function of frequency and these results agree with the available literature [39][40]. Figure 7 shows the voltage measured across the load resistor and power dissipated by it at resonance frequency extracted from Figure 5 at the peak of the curve.…”

3.9 Piezoelectric Energy Production

“…A cantilever beam with a tip mass was developed with the single crystal PMN-PT with (67:33) composition as piezoelectric material, grown via a vertical gradient freeze method. The system was excited under an acceleration of 1g at a resonance frequency of 50 Hz and the maximum power obtained was 5 nW/g 2 for an optimum resistive load of 2 MΩ, with a cantilever of approximately 0.300 cm 3 and 6.03 g. The system was tested to recharge a CMOS lithium battery with nominal operating voltage of 3.0 V, and at the resonance frequency and optimum resistance the output voltage increased up to a constant value of 2.88 V, which corresponds to approximately 92% of the full charge of the rechargeable battery [137]. A comparison study of the energy harvesting efficiency between PMN-PT, PZN-PT and the ceramic PZT cantilever beams was performed, and both single crystals based systems showed higher performance than the ones fabricated from PZT.…”

Investigation of mechanical energy harvesting cycles using ferroelectric/ferroelastic switching

“…Ferroelectrics have been used to improve the output power in PEHs [12,[43][44][45][46], as well as pyroelectric energy harvesters and even photovoltaics [47][48][49][50][51]. With the advance of nano-technology, ferroelectrics are also used in emerging energy harvesting mechanisms employing triboelectricity.…”