A multivariate analysis of the energy intensity of sprawl versus compact living in the U.S. for 2003

Shammin, Md. R.; Herendeen, Robert A.; Hanson, Michelle J.; Wilson, Eric

doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2010.07.003

Cited by 62 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Other predictors that affect total household energy consumption include: family size (about 28% more for a family of 4 compared to single-occupant households), number of cars (about 27% more for a household with two cars compared to households with no cars), and housing type (about 44% more for single-family homes compared to apartments). These differences, reported in Shammin et al (2010), are estimated for households with the same income having different demographic and lifestyle configurations. While these differences are for total energy consumption, they would yield very similar differences in total household carbon emissions as well.…”

Section: Predictors Of Household Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methods are based on calculations of energy intensities using input-output analysis described in Shammin et al (2010). These two papers also discuss the assumptions, nuances, and uncertainties associated with this approach.…”

Section: Co 2 Emissions By the Average Us Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hoekstra (2010) compiled a database of the development of environmental analysis based on Leontief's input-out method. More recent estimates of energy and carbon intensities are reported in Shammin et al (2010), Shammin & Bullard (2009), and Bin & Dowlatabadi (2005). These papers primarily used the Economic Input Output Life Cycle Analysis (EIOLCA) database developed at Carnegie Melon University 2 .…”

Section: Towards a More Complete Accounting Of Household Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of US Households in Global Carbon Emissions

Shammin¹

2012

Greenhouse Gases - Emission, Measurement and Management

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Section: Predictors Of Household Co 2 Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Co 2 Emissions By the Average Us Householdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Towards a More Complete Accounting Of Household Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Role of US Households in Global Carbon Emissions

Shammin¹

2012

Greenhouse Gases - Emission, Measurement and Management

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“…This is done by aggregating expenditure data's categories to match the 52 COICOP categories of ENVIMAT and then multiplying expenditures with the corresponding ENVIMAT sector's value of greenhouse gas intensity (CO 2 equivalents per euro). It has been broadly acknowledged that combination of the two allows the assessment of the amount of greenhouse gases that consumption choices cause both directly and indirectly [23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Research Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regression analysis is employed to further analyze the calculated footprints and to find out which factors actually affect them. As our starting point, we use the non-linear exponential relationship between environmental impact and households' expenditures [23][24][25][26]:…”

Section: Multivariate Regression Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas Implications of Urban Sprawl in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

2013

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Suburban households living in spacious detached houses and owing multiple cars are often seen as main culprits for negative greenhouse consequences of urban sprawl. Consequently, the effects of sprawl have been mostly studied from the viewpoints of emissions from home energy consumption and private driving. Little attention has been paid to the changes in other consumption. In this paper, urban sprawl is linked to the proliferation of semi-detached and detached housing, described as a low-rise lifestyle, at the expense of apartment house living i.e., high-rise lifestyle. We analyze differences between the low-rise and the high-rise lifestyles and their environmental effects in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area, taking into account all consumption activities. Environmental effects are assessed by combining greenhouse gas intensities from a consumption-based environmentally-extended input-output (EE I-O) model with expenditure data. Then these carbon footprints are further elucidated with regression analysis. We find that low-rise lifestyles causes approximately 14% more emissions than high-rise lifestyles. However, the relative contributions of emissions from different sources, whether direct or indirect, are almost equal for both. Furthermore, when controlling the level of expenditure, the differences between the two lifestyles unexpectedly disappear and in certain cases are even reversed. We believe that our consumption-based approach facilitates the understanding of sprawling lifestyles and offers important insights for sustainable policy-design and urban planning.

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Kapitel 17. Soziale und räumliche Ungleichheit

Essletzbichler,

Miklin,

Volmary

et al. 2023

APCC Special Report: Strukturen Für Ein Klimafreundliches Leben

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ZusammenfassungDieses Kapitel befasst sich mit dem Zusammenhang von sozialer/räumlicher Ungleichheit und Klimawandel. Basierend auf einer Literaturübersicht wurde die folgende Sachlage festgestellt: Die Auswirkungen von Umwelt- und Klimaschäden und von Mitigations- und Adaptionsmaßnahmen sind sozial und räumlich ungleich verteilt. Die Verteilung von Löhnen, Einkommen, Vermögen oder dem Zugang zu sozial-ökologischer Infrastruktur beeinflusst die Möglichkeiten, klimafreundlich zu leben. Ungleichheit kann zu Statuswettbewerb und erhöhtem Konsum und dadurch zu negativen Auswirkungen auf das Klima führen. Klimaschützende Maßnahmen, die bestimmte Bevölkerungsschichten stärker benachteiligen, können die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz dieser Maßnahmen reduzieren – vor allem in den betroffenen Bevölkerungsschichten. Folgende Optionen zur sozial verträglichen Umweltpolitik wurden identifiziert: Da in Österreich selbst die einkommensschwächste Bevölkerungsgruppe die Emissionsgrenze zur Einhaltung der Pariser Klimaziele überschreitet, reichen Steuern und Geldtransfers (eg. ökosoziale Steuerreform) allein nicht aus, um klimafreundliche Lebensweisen gesamtgesellschaftlich durchsetzen zu können. Diese „marktbasierten“ Maßnahmen sollten von der Bereitstellung öffentlicher Güter, technologischer Innovationen und einer sich ändernden gesellschaftlichen Wahrnehmung von Konsum und Wohlstand begleitet werden. Dafür notwendige (infra-)strukturellen Bedingungen können vor allem in besonders ressourcenintensiven Handlungsfeldern, wie dem Verkehrs-, Wohn- und Energiesektor, geschaffen werden. Sachleistungen in Form von öffentlichen Gütern sind sowohl von positiven Klima- als auch Verteilungseffekte charakterisiert.

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A multivariate analysis of the energy intensity of sprawl versus compact living in the U.S. for 2003

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of US Households in Global Carbon Emissions

The Role of US Households in Global Carbon Emissions

Greenhouse Gas Implications of Urban Sprawl in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area

Kapitel 17. Soziale und räumliche Ungleichheit

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