“…A variety of multivariate statistical process control (MSPC) methods, namely control charts, have been developed and applied in order to determine whether the process is only subject to common causes of variability or if a special or assignable cause, related with some abnormality inside or outside the process, has occurred. Analysing the literature, one can verify that most multivariate process monitoring methodologies developed so far, including the latent variables methodologies (Jackson, 1959;Jackson and Mudholkar, 1979;Ku et al, 1995;Li et al, 2000;MacGregor et al, 1994;Wise and Gallagher, 1996) and state-space or time-series approaches (Negiz and Ç inar, 1997a,b), are essentially non-causal and focused on detecting changes in the process mean (Abbasi et al, 2009;Ghute and Shirke, 2008;Yeh et al, 2006;Yen et al, 2012). The important complementary problem of monitoring the process correlation structure has been almost absent from the research efforts, creating a significant gap in what regards to the high level of performance achievable today in detecting changes in the mean levels of the process variables, contrasting with the rather limited ability to effectively signal out perturbations in the correlation structure.…”