A Multiyear Constraint on Ammonia Emissions and Deposition Within the US Corn Belt

Hu, Cheng; Griffis, Timothy J.; Frie, Alexander L.; Baker, John M.; Wood, J. D.; Millet, Dylan B.; Yu, Zhongjie; Yu, Xueying; Czarnetzki, Alan C.

doi:10.1029/2020gl090865

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…15 , 17 , 55 Evaluation of EPA emission estimates during intensive observation periods (IOPs) and with IASI data generally find a low bias for ambient ammonia in rural Midwest regions. 56 − 58 This is consistent with the low bias in estimates of CAFO-associated animals in publicly available Federal archives. Recent efforts by environmental interest groups (EIGs) and some States have improved CAFO accounting.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…AIRS ammonia data from 2002 to 2017 indicates an increasing atmospheric NH 3 burden across the CONUS, with higher rates of increase in the Midwest and CA Central Valley (Figure d). This pattern is similar to the growth in the number of CAFOs and increasing deposition of reduced nitrogen in agricultural areas. ,, Evaluation of EPA emission estimates during intensive observation periods (IOPs) and with IASI data generally find a low bias for ambient ammonia in rural Midwest regions. − This is consistent with the low bias in estimates of CAFO-associated animals in publicly available Federal archives. Recent efforts by environmental interest groups (EIGs) and some States have improved CAFO accounting.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

“…For example, CAFO management relies on increased use of silage and storage that results in higher emissions of air pollutants. , Measured ammonia emission rates from anaerobic lagoons are substantial, , and large dairy and swine CAFOs preferentially employ anaerobic lagoons for sanitary waste management, particularly in the Midwest Plains where satellites detect ammonia hotspots. In air quality simulations, Hu et al find that summertime ammonia observations over the Midwest Plains region are up to a factor of 4 higher than model predictions . The livestock ammonia emissions employed in those air quality simulations are developed from EPA’s NEI .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Data Gap: Air Quality Networks Miss Air Pollution from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Burns,

Chandler,

Dunham

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In the U.S., the agricultural sector is the largest controllable source of several air pollutants, including ammonia (NH 3 ), which is a key precursor to PM 2.5 formation. Livestock waste is the dominant contributor to ammonia emissions. In contrast to most controllable air pollutants, satellite records show ammonia mixing ratios are rising. The number of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that generate considerable livestock waste is also increasing. Spatial and temporal trends in USDA-reported animal numbers normalized by county area at medium and large CAFOs provide plausible explanations for patterns in satellite-derived NH 3 over the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The correlation between summertime ammonia derived from the European Space Agency’s (ESA) Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and CAFO animal unit density in 2017 is positive and significant ( r = 0.642; p ≈ 0). The temporal changes from 2002 to 2017 in animal unit density and NH 3 derived from NASA’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are spatially similar. Trends and ambient concentrations of PM 2.5 mass in agricultural regions are difficult to assess relative to those of urban population centers given the sparseness of rural monitors in regulatory surface networks. Results suggest that in agricultural areas where ammonia concentrations and animal density are highest, air quality improvement lags behind the national average.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Data Gap: Air Quality Networks Miss Air Pollution from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Burns,

Chandler,

Dunham

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…We use the following physics parameterization schemes for the WRF-Chem experiments: YSU planetary boundary layer scheme ( Hong et al, 2006 ), Noah land surface scheme ( Ek et al, 2003 ), Lin et al microphysics scheme ( Lin et al, 1983 ), the Grell 3D ensemble scheme for cumulus convection ( Grell and Dévényi, 2002 ), and RRTM longwave and Goddard shortwave radiation schemes ( Mlawer et al, 1997 ). In addition, we select the following Chemistry options in the experiments: Fast-J for Photolysis ( Wild et al, 2000 ); CBMZ chemical mechanism ( Zaveri and Peters, 1999 ); MOSAIC for Aerosol chemistry ( Zaveri et al, 2008 ); EDGAR-HTAP for Anthropogenic emissions ( Janssens-Maenhout et al, 2015 ), which provides global monthly anthropogenic emission in 2010 (e.g., Hu et al, 2020 ; Hu et al, 2021 ); MEGAN for Biogenic emissions ( Guenther et al, 2006 ); FINN ( Wiedinmyer et al, 2011 ) for Fire emissions; and GOCART for Dust emissions ( Ginoux et al, 2001 ). These schemes and parameters are commonly used to detect the influences of aerosols on precipitation (e.g., Yang et al, 2012 ; Kedia et al, 2019 ; Peters-Lidard et al, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2010 ; Jin et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of coronavirus-driven reduction in aerosols on precipitation in the western United States

Yang

Zhang

Villarini

2023

Atmospheric Research

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“…This was because the increase in NH3 dry deposition from 2002 to 2010 was largely offset by the decrease in NO2 dry deposition. The importance of agricultural NH3 to local and downwind total N deposition is evident (Walker et al, 2019;Hu et al, 2021;Pan et al, 2021); however, quantifying its role remains elusive in natural lands in Canada because of limited measurements.…”

Section: Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur and Assessment of Critical Loads Exceedances at Canadian Rural Locations

Cheng¹,

Zhang²,

Zhao³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Daily air concentrations of inorganic nitrogen (N) species, including gaseous HNO3 and particulate-bound (p)NH4+ and pNO3-, and sulfur (S) species, including SO2 and pSO42-, and precipitation concentrations of NO3-, NH4+ and SO42-, have been routinely monitored by the Canadian Air and Precipitation Monitoring Network (CAPMoN) since 1983. Data at 15 rural sites from 2000–2018 were used to estimate dry and wet N and S deposition fluxes, which were then used to explore their spatiotemporal trends and assess ecosystem damage through a retrospective analysis of critical loads (CL) exceedances. Total (dry+wet) N deposition ranged from 1.7–9.5 kg N ha-1 yr-1 among the 15 sites, though dry deposition of NH3 and some oxidized N species were not included due to a lack of data. Based on additional N measurements in 2010 at one of the sites, annual total N deposition may be underestimated by up to 32 %. Total N deposition was dominated by wet NO3- and wet NH4+ deposition, which together comprised 71–95 %. Contributions to dry N deposition were 40–74 % by HNO3, 11–40 % by pNH4+ and 5–25 % by pNO3-. Total S deposition ranged from 1.3–8.5 kg S ha-1 yr-1 and was dominated by wet deposition of SO42- and dry deposition of SO2. Relative percentages of wet and dry S deposition were 45–89 % and 11–55 %, respectively. Acidic ion fluxes were greatest in southeastern Canada and were comparable among the west coast, prairie, remote and eastern Canadian sites. Oxidized N (dry HNO3, dry pNO3-, wet NO3-) deposition was greater than that of reduced N (dry pNH4+, wet NH4+) in the early 2000s. In 2014–2018, reduced N deposition surpassed that of oxidized N in southeastern Canada. Total N and S deposition decreased significantly at a rate of -0.03 to -0.25 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (-1.1 % to -3.3 % yr-1) and -0.08 to -0.66 kg S ha-1 yr-1 (-3.5 % to -6.6 % yr-1), respectively, among the sites. The weak declining trend in total N deposition at the west coast site was consistent with the slower decline in NOx emissions in western Canada. Reductions in total N deposition were driven by its oxidized form as trends in reduced N were non-significant. As a result, reduced N contributions to total N deposition increased on average from 42 % in 2000–2004 to 53 % in 2014–2018. Anthropogenic NOx and SO2 emissions reductions in both eastern Canada and eastern U.S. were highly effective in reducing total oxidized N and total S deposition, respectively, in eastern Canada. Acidic deposition exceeded terrestrial CL at 5 of the 14 sites and aquatic CL at 2 of the 5 sites in the early 2000s. However, exceedances have been trending downwards and acidic deposition fluxes were mostly near or below CL after 2012 for the subset of sites assessed, which support recovery from historical acidification. Further assessments of CL exceedances are required in other Canadian regions susceptible to acidification and affected by elevated or increasing N and S emissions.

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A Multiyear Constraint on Ammonia Emissions and Deposition Within the US Corn Belt

Cited by 6 publications

References 44 publications

Data Gap: Air Quality Networks Miss Air Pollution from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Data Gap: Air Quality Networks Miss Air Pollution from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

Impact of coronavirus-driven reduction in aerosols on precipitation in the western United States

Long-term Atmospheric Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur and Assessment of Critical Loads Exceedances at Canadian Rural Locations

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