A mutual inhibitory effect on absorption of sphingomyelin and cholesterol

Nyberg, Lena; Duan, Rui‐Dong; Nilsson, Åke

doi:10.1016/s0955-2863(00)00069-3

Cited by 119 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Previous studies showed that feeding dietary SM in rat inhibited cholesterol absorption [6,7] by a mechanism related to the decreased thermodynamic activity of cholesterol in micelles by SM [8], due to close interaction between SM and cholesterol [25,26]. The present study showed that not only SM but also ceramide, the hydrolytic product of SM in the micelles, inhibited cholesterol uptake.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…We reported previously that cholesterol absorption was inhibited by dietary SM in animals [6]. The finding was confirmed and extended by others who showed that milk SM was more effective than egg SM [6,7]. The inhibitory effect was attributed to the strong interaction of SM with cholesterol, leading to decreased thermodynamic activity of cholesterol [8].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Generating Ceramide from Sphingomyelin by Alkaline Sphingomyelinase in the Gut Enhances Sphingomyelin-Induced Inhibition of Cholesterol Uptake in Caco-2 Cells

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

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Generating Ceramide from Sphingomyelin by Alkaline Sphingomyelinase in the Gut Enhances Sphingomyelin-Induced Inhibition of Cholesterol Uptake in Caco-2 Cells

et al. 2010

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“…This suggests that CCL2 mRNA expression was possibly induced with milk SM because of greater dietary fat/cholesterol reaching the colon, but this did not induce macrophage infiltration and TNF-α expression in the colon and surrounding adipose tissue. Although dietary SM is known to inhibit cholesterol absorption, luminal cholesterol can reciprocally inhibit SM digestion [16]. Feeding mice an HFD has also been shown to reduce the expression of the key enzyme in SM digestion, alkaline sphingomyelinase [46,47].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sphingomyelin found in milk is an important component of milk fat globule membranes [14]. Dietary SM and other sphingolipids have been studied for their effects on dyslipidemia because they interfere with the absorption of dietary fat and cholesterol [15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In addition to effects on lipid absorption, dietary SM may have further bioactive effects by reducing inflammation and LPS activity, potentially influencing chronic disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Milk Sphingomyelin Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits LPS Activity in Macrophages

et al. 2017

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High-fat diets (HFD) increase lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity in the blood and may contribute to systemic inflammation with obesity. We hypothesized that dietary milk sphingomyelin (SM), which reduces lipid absorption and colitis in mice, would reduce inflammation and be mediated through effects on gut health and LPS activity. C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat, high-cholesterol diets (HFD, n = 14) or the same diets with milk SM (HFD-MSM, 0.1% by weight, n = 14) for 10 weeks. HFD-MSM significantly reduced serum inflammatory markers and tended to lower serum LPS (p = 0.08) compared to HFD. Gene expression related to gut barrier function and macrophage inflammation were largely unchanged in colon and mesenteric adipose tissues. Cecal gut microbiota composition showed greater abundance of Acetatifactor genus in mice fed milk SM, but minimal changes in other taxa. Milk SM significantly attenuated the effect of LPS on pro-inflammatory gene expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. Milk SM lost its effects when hydrolysis was blocked, while long-chain ceramides and sphingosine, but not dihydroceramides, were anti-inflammatory. Our data suggest that dietary milk SM may be effective in reducing systemic inflammation through inhibition of LPS activity and that hydrolytic products of milk SM are important for these effects.

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Relevance of interactions between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in biliary and intestinal tract

Erpecum¹,

Petruzzelli

Groen

et al. 2007

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Relevance of interactions between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in biliary and intestinal tractPhosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin are the major phospholipids of the hepatocytic canalicular membrane outer leaflet. Sphingomyelin may preferentially reside with cholesterol in liquid-ordered domains. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine is the exclusive phospholipid secreted in rat bile (enriched in hydrophilic species compared to the canalicular membrane), subsequently incorporated into bile salt-cholesterol micelles. We determined the bile lipid composition in 95 vertebrate species (Moschetta et al., J Lipid Res. 2005, 46, 2221-2232. Phospholipid was often virtually absent in bile of cartilaginous fish and reptiles, occurred in low relative amounts (compared to bile salts) in bony fish or birds and in high relative amounts in most mammals. Biles with low relative amounts of phospholipid often contained high proportions of sphingomyelin. Phosphatidylcholine was the predominant phospholipid in biles with high phospholipid contents. We then compared, in CaCo2 cells (without appreciable phospholipase A 2 activity), the effects of incorporating sphingomyelin, egg yolk phosphatidylcholine or lyso-phosphatidylcholine in apical bile salt-cholesterol micelles. Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine and (more pronounced) sphingomyelin inhibited cholesterol absorption with decreased ABC-A1 and -G1 expression. Lyso-phosphatidylcholine enhanced cholesterol absorption with increased basolateral HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux and high expression of ABC-A1 and -G1. In conclusion, sphingomyelin plays a pivotal role in protecting hepatocytes against detergent bile salts. Dietary sphingomyelin may inhibit intestinal cholesterol absorption.

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A mutual inhibitory effect on absorption of sphingomyelin and cholesterol

Cited by 119 publications

References 27 publications

Generating Ceramide from Sphingomyelin by Alkaline Sphingomyelinase in the Gut Enhances Sphingomyelin-Induced Inhibition of Cholesterol Uptake in Caco-2 Cells

Generating Ceramide from Sphingomyelin by Alkaline Sphingomyelinase in the Gut Enhances Sphingomyelin-Induced Inhibition of Cholesterol Uptake in Caco-2 Cells

Dietary Milk Sphingomyelin Reduces Systemic Inflammation in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Inhibits LPS Activity in Macrophages

Relevance of interactions between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in biliary and intestinal tract

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