A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

Lei, Yongjiu; Zhao, Wenli; Zhang, Yizhou; Jiang, Qiu; He, Jr‐Hau; Baeumner, Antje J.; Wolfbeis, Otto S.; Wang, Zhong Lin; Salama, Khaled N.; Alshareef, Husam N.

doi:10.1002/smll.201901190

Cited by 342 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…S21 b). We therefore suggest to change the sweat collection to other strategies in the future, such as macro-collection channels as published by Lei et al [38], as also indicated by further CV analyses (ESM Fig. S21 a).…”

Section: Amperometric Glucose and Lactate Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Electrochemical multi-analyte point-of-care perspiration sensors using on-chip three-dimensional graphene electrodes

et al. 2020

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Multi-analyte sensing using exclusively laser-induced graphene (LIG)-based planar electrode systems was developed for sweat analysis. LIG provides 3D structures of graphene, can be manufactured easier than any other carbon electrode also on large scale, and in form of electrodes: hence, it is predestinated for affordable, wearable point-of-care sensors. Here, it is demonstrated that LIG facilitates all three electrochemical sensing strategies (voltammetry, potentiometry, impedance) in a multi-analyte system for sweat analysis. A potentiometric potassium-ion-selective electrode in combination with an electrodeposited Ag/AgCl reference electrode (RE) enabled the detection of potassium ions in the entire physiologically relevant range (1 to 500 mM) with a fast response time, unaffected by the presence of main interfering ions and sweat-collecting materials. A kidney-shaped interdigitated LIG electrode enabled the determination of the overall electrolyte concentration by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at a fixed frequency. Enzyme-based strategies with amperometric detection share a common RE and were realized with Prussian blue as electron mediator and biocompatible chitosan for enzyme immobilization and protection of the electrode. Using glucose and lactate oxidases, lower limits of detection of 13.7 ± 0.5 μM for glucose and 28 ± 3 μM for lactate were obtained, respectively. The sensor showed a good performance at different pH, with sweat-collecting tissues, on a model skin system and furthermore in synthetic sweat as well as in artificial tear fluid. Response time for each analytical cycle totals 75 s, and hence allows a quasi-continuous and simultaneous monitoring of all analytes. This multi-analyte all-LIG system is therefore a practical, versatile, and most simple strategy for point-of-care applications and has the potential to outcompete standard screen-printed electrodes.

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Section: Amperometric Glucose and Lactate Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Electrochemical multi-analyte point-of-care perspiration sensors using on-chip three-dimensional graphene electrodes

et al. 2020

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“…The abundant surface functional groups of MXenes play an essential role in the spontaneous interactions with other ions/molecules, making them useful in sensors. [ 109–112 ] On the other hand, the combination of excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as photothermal responsiveness, makes MXenes attractive candidates for high‐performance actuators. [ 113–115 ] In this part, we highlight the few examples of MXene‐based printed sensors and actuators.…”

Section: Printing Mxenes For Various Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXene Printing and Patterned Coating for Device Applications

et al. 2020

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As a thriving member of the 2D nanomaterials family, MXenes, i.e., transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, exhibit outstanding electrochemical, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. They have been exploited in many applications including energy storage, electronics, optoelectronics, biomedicine, sensors, and catalysis. Compared to other 2D materials, MXenes possess a unique set of properties such as high metallic conductivity, excellent dispersion quality, negative surface charge, and hydrophilicity, making them particularly suitable as inks for printing applications. Printing and pre/post-patterned coating methods represent a whole range of simple, economically efficient, versatile, and eco-friendly manufacturing techniques for devices based on MXenes. Moreover, printing can allow for complex 3D architectures and multifunctionality that are highly required in various applications. By means of printing and patterned coating, the performance and application range of MXenes can be dramatically increased through careful patterning in three dimensions; thus, printing/ coating is not only a device fabrication tool but also an enabling tool for new applications as well as for industrialization.devices. This is because solution processes such as liquid-phase exfoliation is crucial for the dispersion formation and mass production, as well as for the postsynthesis treatments on the 2D nanosheets such as sorting in terms of flake size and thickness, functionalization, compositing, etc., all of which are crucial for the ink formulation process required by printing. [6] Printed electronics technology has acquired considerable interest from both academia and industry recently. [7][8][9] Unlike traditional methods such as vacuum deposition and photolithography, printing technologies hold great promise for fast, high-volume, and low-cost manufacturing, especially for the fabrication of flexible devices. [10][11][12][13][14][15] The combination of 2D materials with printing started as early as 2012 when liquid-phase-exfoliated graphene dispersion was inkjet-printed to fabricate field-effect transistors. [16] It has since progressed from directly using the unoptimized dispersion obtained from the solution processing as inks to making formulated inks targeted toward specific printing methods and target applications (e.g., conductive tracks, transparent electrodes, transistors, photodetectors, energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc.). [17][18][19][20][21] As a new member to the 2D nanomaterials family, transition metal carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, also known as MXenes, possess outstanding electrochemical, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, and thus have shown great promise in applications including energy storage, electronics, optoelectronics, biomedicine, sensors, and catalysis. [22][23][24][25] Research on MXenes dates back to 2011 when single-layered titanium carbide Ti 3 C 2 was synthesized and separated for the first time, [26] and has since evol...

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“…Furthermore, the sensor was tested on human subjects and used for sweat analysis. The obtained results showed simultaneous measurements of glucose and lactate with high sensitivity and repeatability [ 102 ].…”

Section: Classes Of Bioanalytical Sensors Based On Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXenes-Based Bioanalytical Sensors: Design, Characterization, and Applications

Khan

Andreescu

2020

Sensors

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MXenes are recently developed 2D layered nanomaterials that provide unique capabilities for bioanalytical applications. These include high metallic conductivity, large surface area, hydrophilicity, high ion transport properties, low diffusion barrier, biocompatibility, and ease of surface functionalization. MXenes are composed of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides and have a general formula Mn+1Xn, where M is an early transition metal while X is carbon and/or nitrogen. Due to their unique features, MXenes have attracted significant attention in fields such as clean energy production, electronics, fuel cells, supercapacitors, and catalysis. Their composition and layered structure make MXenes attractive for biosensing applications. The high conductivity allows these materials to be used in the design of electrochemical biosensors and the multilayered configuration makes them an efficient immobilization matrix for the retention of activity of the immobilized biomolecules. These properties are applicable to many biosensing systems and applications. This review describes the progress made on the use and application of MXenes in the development of electrochemical and optical biosensors and highlights future needs and opportunities in this field. In particular, opportunities for developing wearable sensors and systems with integrated biomolecule recognition are highlighted.

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A MXene‐Based Wearable Biosensor System for High‐Performance In Vitro Perspiration Analysis

Cited by 342 publications

References 54 publications

Electrochemical multi-analyte point-of-care perspiration sensors using on-chip three-dimensional graphene electrodes

Electrochemical multi-analyte point-of-care perspiration sensors using on-chip three-dimensional graphene electrodes

MXene Printing and Patterned Coating for Device Applications

MXenes-Based Bioanalytical Sensors: Design, Characterization, and Applications

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