A nanoporous molybdenum carbide nanowire as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Liao, Lei; Wang, Sinong; Xiao, Jingjing; Bian, Xiaojun; Zhang, Yahong; Scanlon, Micheál D.; Hu, Xile; Tang, Yi; Liu, Baohong; Girault, Hubert H.

doi:10.1039/c3ee42441c

Cited by 994 publications

(639 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…State-ofthe-art Mo 2 C can drive 10 and 80 mA cm -2 at overpotentials of 125 and 200 mV, respectively. 64 Moreover, these catalysts are active and stable in both basic and acidic media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The porosity of the nanocatalyst itself has been reported to enhance HER catalysis by Liu, Tang, and co-workers. 64 Nanoporous Mo 2 C nanowires were synthesized by pyrolysis of a MoO x /amine hybrid precursor under an inert atmosphere. The high aspect ratio nanowires are several micrometers in length and 80-150 nm in width (Fig.…”

Section: This Journal Is © the Royal Society Of Chemistry 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The catalytic activity of np-Mo 2 C NWs was further enhanced by mixing the nanowires with commercial Vulcan carbon. 64 This hybridization provided an even higher dispersion of catalyst and also improved electron transfer. Consequently, j is increased to 80 mA cm -2 from 60 mA cm -2 at  = 200 mV ( Fig.…”

Section: This Journal Is © the Royal Society Of Chemistry 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

2014

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Progress in catalysis is driven by society's needs. The development of new electrocatalysts to make renewable and clean fuels from abundant and easily accessible resources is among the most challenging and demanding tasks for today's scientist and engineers. The electrochemical splitting of water into hydrogen and oxygen has been known for over 200 years, but in the last decade and motivated by the perspective of solar hydrogen production, new catalysts made of earth-abundant materials have emerged. Here we present an overview of recent developments of the non-noble metal catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Emphasis is given to the nanostructuring of industrially relevant hydrotreating catalysts as potential HER electrocatalysts. The new syntheses and nanostructuring approaches might pave the way to future developments of highly efficient catalysts for energy conversion.

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“…State-ofthe-art Mo 2 C can drive 10 and 80 mA cm -2 at overpotentials of 125 and 200 mV, respectively. 64 Moreover, these catalysts are active and stable in both basic and acidic media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: This Journal Is © the Royal Society Of Chemistry 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: This Journal Is © the Royal Society Of Chemistry 2014mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

2014

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“…19 Nevertheless, the TPR conditions are demanding. More recently, gas-phase reactions of volatile metal compounds, 5 pyrolysis of metal complexes 20 and solution reactions 21 were used to synthesize metal carbides using costly or toxic reagents such as MoF 6 22 or Mo(CO) 6 . 23 Unfortunately, chars from the pyrolysis of the carbon usually contaminate the resultant carbide.…”

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confidence: 99%

Atomic H-Induced Mo₂C Hybrid as an Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Fan

Liu²,

Peng³

et al. 2017

ACS Nano

153

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Mo 2 C nanocrystals (NCs) anchored on vertically aligned graphene nanoribbons (VA-GNR) as hybrid nanoelectrocatalysts (Mo 2 C-GNR) are synthesized through the direct carbonization of metallic Mo with atomic H treatment. The growth mechanism of Mo 2 C NCs with atomic H treatment is discussed. The Mo 2 C-GNR hybrid exhibits highly active and durable electrocatalytic performance for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). For HER, in an acidic solution the Mo 2 C-GNR has an onset potential 1 Deceased March 17, 2016 Page 1 of 39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 of 39 mV and a Tafel slope of 65 mV dec -1 , in a basic solution Mo 2 C-GNR has an onset potential of 53 mV, and Tafel slope of 54 mV dec -1 . It is stable in both acidic and basic media. Mo 2 C-GNR is a high activity ORR catalyst with a high peak current density of 2.01 mA cm -2 , an onset potential of 0.93 V that is more positive vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), a high electron transfer number n (∼3.90) and long-term stability. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 The usual process to synthesize metal carbides involves high temperature (> 1000 °C) carburization of metals with graphitic carbon, which is not suitable to producing materials for catalytic applications because the products have low surface areas. 18 The temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) method was developed in the 1980s and extensively used to synthesize high surface area transition-metal nitrides and carbides. 19 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 4 growing high melt point carbide materials at relatively low substrate temperature, such as WC, 26 M 3 C (M:Fe,Co,Ni), 27 silicon carbide (SiC) 28 and so on. In the HF-CVD processing, the filament was heated to over 2000 o C for activation of the source gas. It is highly flexible and scalable, easy to scale up to large-scale growth and, no less important, utilizes metal rather than vaporized metal-containing reagents as precursors, which introduce no other impurity. From the applications point of view, although Mo 2 C-based materials have been extensively studied for HER in acidic media, it is still challenging to develop Mo 2 C-based HER catalysts that work efficiently over a range of pH values. Moreover, Mo 2 C materials draw much less attention in ORR. 29 Only recently have these carbides been shown to be efficient noble metal-free catalysts for ORR. 30 The dual use of the Mo 2 C-based materials for both HER and ORR...

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“…Sun and coworkers [24] synthesized closely interconnected network of molybdenum phosphide nanostructure with highly efficient electrocatalyst for HER. Tang's group reported that nanoporous Mo 2 C can be obtained by thermal decomposition process under an inert atmosphere, which was used as a very effective electrocatalyst for generating hydrogen from water [25,26]. In addition, Sasaki's group demonstrated that small Mo 2 C nanoparticles loaded on carbon nanotubes showed highly active and durable electrocatalyst for HER [27].…”

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Synthesis of Mo-based nanostructures from organic-inorganic hybrid with enhanced electrochemical for water splitting

Yang

Wang

2015

Sci. China Mater.

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scarcity and high cost of Pt severely hinder their practical application. Recently, various molybdenum-based compounds, such as MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , Mo 2 C, and MoP, are promising non-noble-metal candidates due to their comparable HER activity to Pt-based catalysts [15][16][17]. Among them, Mo 2 C, as a typical interstitial alloys material, has similar metallic structures and possesses Pt-like catalytic behaviors. The traditional synthesis method usually involves the mix of metals with carbon and subsequent carbonization under high temperature to form Mo 2 C structure, which results in serious aggregation and compromises their performance. Recently, various morphologies of Mo 2 C nanostructure with excellent HER performance have been developed through various methods [18][19][20][21][22][23]. Sun and coworkers [24] synthesized closely interconnected network of molybdenum phosphide nanostructure with highly efficient electrocatalyst for HER. Tang's group reported that nanoporous Mo 2 C can be obtained by thermal decomposition process under an inert atmosphere, which was used as a very effective electrocatalyst for generating hydrogen from water [25,26]. In addition, Sasaki's group demonstrated that small Mo 2 C nanoparticles loaded on carbon nanotubes showed highly active and durable electrocatalyst for HER [27]. Evidently, these results suggest that Mo 2 C can be used as an effective electrocatalyst for water splitting.Recently, the formation of MoO 2 with carbon materials such as graphene was used to further improve the performance of MoO 2 [28][29][30][31]. For example, Mai's group [32] synthesized ultrathin MoO 2 nanosheets encapsulated carbon matrix with a facile thermal reduction method, which showed high specific capacities and enhanced cycling stability. Li and co-workers [33] fabricated flawed MoO 2 nanobelts on graphene with enhanced HER performance. However, few reports focus on constructing heterocomposite Mo 2 C with MoO 2 . Compared with those of the corresponding homogeneous materials, these heterostructured A simple method to fabricate Mo-based nanostructures were developed by the thermal decomposition of MoOx-based organic-inorganic hybrid nanowires. Well-defined Mo-based nanostructures, including MoO2 and MoO3 nanowires, can be prepared by changing the hybrid precursor. More importantly, Mo2C/MoO2 heterostructures with porous structure were successfully synthesized under an inert atmosphere. The resultant Mo2C/ MoO2 heterostructures show enhanced electrocatalytic activity and superior stability for electrochemical hydrogen evolution from water. The enhanced performance might be ascribed to the high electrical conductivity and porous structures with one-dimensional structure. Indeed, our result described here provides a new way to synthesize other Mo-based nanostructures for various applications.

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A nanoporous molybdenum carbide nanowire as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Cited by 994 publications

References 31 publications

Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Atomic H-Induced Mo₂C Hybrid as an Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Synthesis of Mo-based nanostructures from organic-inorganic hybrid with enhanced electrochemical for water splitting

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A nanoporous molybdenum carbide nanowire as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Cited by 994 publications

References 31 publications

Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Nanostructured hydrotreating catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen evolution

Atomic H-Induced Mo2C Hybrid as an Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst

Synthesis of Mo-based nanostructures from organic-inorganic hybrid with enhanced electrochemical for water splitting

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Atomic H-Induced Mo₂C Hybrid as an Active and Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalyst