A naphthoquinone based colorimetric probe for real-time naked eye detection of biologically important anions including cyanide ions in tap water: experimental and theoretical studies

Abstract

A naphthoquinone based colorimetric sensor (N) bearing hydrazone receptors in aqueous media was developed and its recognition properties towards biologically important anions in DMSO–water mixture (9 : 1) were investigated using spectroscopic methods.

An ESIPT-ICT steered naphthylthioic-based ionic probe with dual emissive channels exhibiting CHEF and CHEQ effects

“…Consequently, cyanide concentration in environmental spaces has been accumulating, due to voluminous usage in industries, yielding about 140 k tons per year of cyanide. [29][30][31][32] Cyanide is viewed as highly toxic, that its presence induces the susceptibility of coordinating to iron ion in biological systems, thus blocking the electron transfer chain in mitochondria. 10,[33][34][35][36] In addition, other anions too, have similar adverse effects when present in excess or uncontrolled quantities.…”

“…[29][30][31][32] Cyanide is viewed as highly toxic, that its presence induces the susceptibility of coordinating to iron ion in biological systems, thus blocking the electron transfer chain in mitochondria. 10,[33][34][35][36] In addition, other anions too, have similar adverse effects when present in excess or uncontrolled quantities. The effects seen with uoride (uorosis and thyroid activities), 32,37,38 acetate (as acetyl coenzymes and food preservation), [39][40][41][42] cyanate (chronic kidney diseases, CKD), 43,44 hydroxide (corrosive effect at high concentration) 35,45,46 and inorganic dihydrogen phosphate (effect on signal transduction and energy storage in biological systems).…”

A novel turn‐on fluorometric “reporter‐spacer‐receptor” chemosensor based on calix[4]arene scaffold for detection of cyanate anion

“…As supporting proof for this situation, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have reported the acceptable limits of cyanide anion in drinking water to be 1.9 μM (approx. 50 μg/L) and 200 μg/L, respectively [13,14].…”

“…In this regard, many procedures suffer from a lack of specificity, and so the methods for cyanate/cyanide detection through fluorometric sensing have been still poorly developed in the past decades. Therefore, the functional material designing is still highly in the center of attention in terms of the protection of the world's health/future against lethal toxicity to the environment and organisms [13,18,32,33].…”

A multi-colorimetric probe to discriminate between heavy metal cations and anions in DMSO–H2O with high selectivity for Cu2+ and CN−: study of logic functions and its application in real samples

“…) have been heavily reported, however, highly toxic anions such as cyanide (CN À ), cyanate (OCN À ) and hydroxide (OH À ) remain subjects of interest. 28,[52][53][54][55] The nature of sensors varies with structural designs based on the target analytes, and single and dual sensors can be developed, [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63] including ditopic-based sensors; however, multifunctional sensors have been rarely been reported in the literature and remain a subject of high priority. [64][65][66] Thus, in this study, a ditopic multifunctional colorimetric sensor (EN) based on the pyridyl-thioic moiety was synthesized (Scheme 1) which could discriminate between a series of cations, including Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ and Hg 2+ , among others, as well as anions of CN À , F À and OH À , among others.…”