A Narrative Review of Continuing Professional Development Needs for Pharmacists with Respect to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Wilby, Kyle John; Smith, Alesha

doi:10.3390/pharmacy8020084

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Twelve of the included commentaries and reviews recommended greater collaboration between pharmacists and providers [ 35 , 40 , 77 – 85 ]. Ten of the studies highlighted the utility of pharmacists performing HIV screening in order to identify HIV-negative individuals potentially eligible for PrEP [ 35 , 78 , 80 , 82 – 88 ]. Two studies suggested the formation of Collaborative Practice Agreements (CPAs) that allow for the initiation and monitoring of PrEP by pharmacists [ 35 , 82 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effective pharmacy-based PrEP interventions require that pharmacists be properly trained on PrEP prescription and adherence [ 35 , 78 , 80 , 87 , 88 , 91 , 97 ]. Funding related to the EHE initiative through the CDC HIV Prevention Capacity Building Assistance Program now has specific modules to train pharmacists and pharmacy leadership to integrate expanded communicable diseases testing with provision of PrEP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacy-Based Interventions to Increase Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) remains underutilized in the U.S. Since greater than 85% of PrEP prescriptions are filled at commercial pharmacies, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to increase PrEP use. This scoping review explores pharmacy-based initiatives to increase PrEP use. We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Scopus for peer-reviewed studies on pharmacist-led interventions to increase PrEP use or pharmacy-based PrEP initiatives. Forty-nine articles were included in this review. Overall, studies demonstrated that patients expressed strong support for pharmacist prescription of PrEP. Three intervention designs compared changes in PrEP initiation or knowledge pre- and post-intervention. Commentary/review studies recommended PrEP training for pharmacists, policy changes to support pharmacist screening for HIV and PrEP prescription, and telemedicine to increase prescriptions. Pharmacists could play key roles in improving PrEP use in the U.S. Studies that assess improvements in PrEP use after interventions such as PrEP prescription, PrEP-specific training, and adherence monitoring by pharmacists are needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacy-Based Interventions to Increase Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Scoping Review

et al. 2021

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior research, however, has identified gaps in continuing professional development for practicing pharmacists pertaining to their knowledge about the use of PrEP to slow the transmission of HIV [ 14 ]. One study highlighted a global need to better equip pharmacists with the knowledge and clinical skills to combat HIV [ 14 ]. While prior recommendations focused on practicing pharmacists, educators must also recognize the need to adequately prepare student pharmacists with the knowledge and skills to act and initiate PrEP when they begin practicing pharmacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While prior recommendations focused on practicing pharmacists, educators must also recognize the need to adequately prepare student pharmacists with the knowledge and skills to act and initiate PrEP when they begin practicing pharmacy. In order to more effectively curb the spread of HIV, pharmacist education must also be provided outlining the evidence-based treatment options and legal tools available to equip pharmacists to better help their patients [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Qualitative Systematic Literature Review of the Role of U.S. Pharmacists in Prescribing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

et al. 2023

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Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective treatment to combat the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) endemic, but the uptake of PrEP has been low in the United States (U.S.). While individuals may access PrEP via obtaining a prescription from their prescriber and having it dispensed by their pharmacist, less cumbersome access points may exist. This systematic literature review evaluates qualitative literature to explore the role of pharmacists, pharmacy services, and interprofessional collaborations for persons seeking PrEP in the United States. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase) were searched in February 2022 and yielded 3841 results. After excluding duplicates, two researchers reviewed 2461 studies. These results were screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria and yielded 71 studies for full review. Out of these 71 studies, five studies met the pre-selected inclusion criteria. Of the five studies, four were qualitative studies, and one was a mixed-methods study. The studies examined different aspects of initiating PrEP and diverse outcomes, such as screening for PrEP, barriers to access PrEP, feasibility to access PrEP, accessibility via community pharmacy to PrEP, and interdisciplinary collaboration between members of the healthcare team to expand patient access to PrEP. A gap in the qualitative literature focusing on U.S. pharmacists’ roles in initiation and provision of PrEP for diverse populations may exist. While PrEP promotion and uptake are largely affected by convenience and accessibility, future interventions and strategies should include training pertaining to PrEP screening, stigma reduction, privacy considerations, and PrEP dispensing.

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Facilitators and barriers to community pharmacy PrEP delivery: a scoping review

Harrison,

Family,

Kesten

et al. 2024

J Int AIDS Soc.

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IntroductionPre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective medication to reduce the risk of acquiring HIV. PrEP is available free of charge in the UK from sexual health clinics. Expanding PrEP delivery to community pharmacies holds promise and aligns with UK government goals to eliminate new cases of HIV by 2030. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the existing evidence about the barriers to and facilitators of community pharmacy oral PrEP delivery, for pharmacists and pharmacy clients, as aligned with the Capacity Opportunity, Motivation Behaviour (COM‐B) Model.MethodsFive bibliographic and five review databases were searched from inception to August 2023. Literature of any study design was included if it discussed barriers and facilitators of community pharmacy PrEP delivery. Trial registrations, protocols and news articles were excluded.ResultsA total of 649 records were identified, 73 full texts were reviewed and 56 met the inclusion criteria, predominantly from high‐income/westernized settings. Most of the included literature was original research (55%), from the United States (77%) conducted during or after the year 2020 (63%). Barriers to PrEP delivery for pharmacists included lack of knowledge, training and skills (capability), not having the necessary facilities (opportunity), concern about the costs of PrEP and believing that PrEP use could lead to risk behaviours and sexually transmitted infections (motivation). Facilitators included staff training (capability), time, the right facilities (opportunity), believing PrEP could be a source of profit and could reduce new HIV acquisitions (motivation). For clients, barriers included a lack of PrEP awareness (capability), pharmacy facilities (opportunity) and not considering pharmacists as healthcare providers (motivation). Facilitators included awareness of PrEP and pharmacist's training to deliver it (capability), the accessibility of pharmacies (opportunity) and having an interest in PrEP (motivation).DiscussionTo effectively enhance oral PrEP delivery in UK community pharmacies, the identified barriers and facilitators should be explored for UK relevance, addressed and leveraged at the pharmacy team, client and care pathway level.ConclusionsBy comprehensively considering all aspects of the COM‐B framework, community pharmacies could become crucial providers in expanding PrEP accessibility, contributing significantly to HIV prevention efforts.

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A Narrative Review of Continuing Professional Development Needs for Pharmacists with Respect to Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Pharmacy-Based Interventions to Increase Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Scoping Review

Pharmacy-Based Interventions to Increase Use of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in the United States: A Scoping Review

A Qualitative Systematic Literature Review of the Role of U.S. Pharmacists in Prescribing Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)

Facilitators and barriers to community pharmacy PrEP delivery: a scoping review

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