A Narrative Review of Different Hemostatic Materials in Emergency Treatment of Trauma

Abstract

Hemostatic materials are very important for the treatment of a large number of bleeding trauma patients in battlefield and disaster environments. Different types of hemostatic materials need to be used for emergency hemostasis according to different injury parts and severity. At present, the first-aid hemostatic materials have been well applied to the bleeding of body surface wounds, limbs, and junctions, but there are still no ideal hemostatic materials in the early treatment of first aid for the deep and incompressible bleeding of thoracoabdominal cavity and visceral organs. This paper reviews the classification and mechanism of hemostatic materials, as well as the application and research progress in trauma emergency, so as to provide reference for the application of hemostatic materials in early first-aid emergency.

Chitosan Hemostatic Dressings: Properties and Surgical Applications

“…The hemostatic mechanism exerted relies on the mobilization of Ca 2+ to increase platelet activation and coagulation factor activation for clot formation. TraumaStat ® is designed for temporary external use, aiming to effectively control moderate to severe bleeding [60].…”

Polydopamine-Coated Polycaprolactone Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane Loaded with Thrombin for Wound Hemostasis

“…At present, the main hemostatic materials used in the clinic include the gelatin sponge, fibrin glue, polysaccharide hemostatic powder, etc., [ 8 , 9 , 10 ] whose main hemostatic mechanisms include the following: an adsorbent material, which networks the formation of components in the blood, thereby providing a mechanical structure for the mutual adhesion between platelets in order to promote thrombosis; a compress material, which promotes hemostasis by absorbing water and expanding or promotes mechanical hemostasis by dissolving the adhesion wound; and hemostatic materials, which exert hemostatic effects by delivering procoagulant drugs [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, these hemostatic materials have certain limitations, such as low hemostatic efficiency, poor biocompatibility, harsh storage, and use conditions, etc., meaning they cannot fully meet the urgent needs of all trauma response first aid [ 14 , 15 ]. Exploring and developing new rapid hemostatic materials with better performance is an urgent clinical need.…”