The paper focuses on the scheduling of energy activities in smart homes equipped with controllable electrical appliances, renewable energy sources, dispatchable energy generators, and energy storage systems. We formulate a mixed integer quadratic programming energy scheduling algorithm for cost minimization under nonlinear pricing. The scheduling technique manages the use of electrical appliances, plans the energy production and supplying, and programs the storage systems charging/discharging. A case study simulated in different scenarios demonstrates that the approach allows full exploitation of the potential of local energy generation and storage to reduce the individual user energy consumption costs, while complying with the customer energy needs.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. ContributionConcerns on energy consumption, both in terms of sustainability and resource exhaustion, are leading towards efficient energy behaviors all smart cities actors, including small end-users such as homes [3]. From its initial focus on residential comfort, the smart home concept is now focusing on the development and installation of new technologies and of effective and efficient energy management systems [11,16]. Hence, smart homes are proactive customers (prosumers) that negotiate and collaborate as an intelligent network in close interaction with their external environment [12]. The emergence of dynamic pricing policies [5], the diffusion of new devices enabling end-users to shift loads, produce, and store energy, and the new ability to access in real-time information on electricity consumption make the development of energy optimization algorithms a necessary condition to obtain responsive and proficient behaviors of domestic energy users [8].This paper proposes a scheduling technique of electrical activities in a smart home for energy costs minimization. The approach relies on a mixed-integer quadratic programming optimization model taking into account a novel realistic nonlinear pricing of energy and formulating a cost-optimal planning of the use of controllable appliances, the energy production from renewable energy generators, the energy supply from utilities, and the charging/discharging of storage devices, in the presence of innovative dispatchable R. Carli is with the