A national-scale assessment of land subsidence in China’s major cities

Ao, Zurui; Hu, Xiaomei; Tao, Shengli; Hu, Xie; Wang, Guoquan; Li, Mingjia; Wang, Fang; Hu, Litang; Liang, Xiuyu; Xiao, Jingfeng; Yusup, Asadilla; Qi, Wenhua; Ran, Qinwei; Fang, Jiayi; Chang, Jinfeng; Zeng, Zhenzhong; Fu, Yongshuo; Xue, Baolin; Wang, Ping; Zhao, Kefei; Li, Le; Li, Wenkai; Li, Yumei; Jiang, Mi; Yang, Yuanhe; Shen, Haihua; Zhao, Xia; Shi, Yue; Wu, Bo; Yan, Zhengbing; Wang, Mengjia; Su, Yanjun; Hu, Tianyu; Ma, Qin; Bai, Hao; Wang, Lijun; Yang, Ziyan; Feng, Yuhao; Zhang, Danhua; Huang, Erhan; Pan, Jiamin; Ye, Huiying; Yang, Chen; Qin, Yanwei; He, Chenqi; Guo, Yanpei; Cheng, Kai; Ren, Yu; Yang, Haitao; Zheng, Chengyang; Zhu, Jiangling; Wang, Shaopeng; Ji, Chengjun; Zhu, Biao; Liu, Hongyan; Tang, Zhiyao; Wang, Zhiheng; Zhao, Shuqing; Tang, Yanhong; Xing, Hanfa; Guo, Qinghua; Liu, Yu; Fang, Jingyun

doi:10.1126/science.adl4366

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…At the overall level of the GBA, silty sand content is the primary factor affecting spatial heterogeneity in urban areas. Similar to Zurui Ao et al (2024)'s findings, the geological structure beneath cities plays a crucial role in urban subsidence, impacting surface stability and leading to structural damage [39]. This underscores the importance of soil conditions in urban development at the Bay Area level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Potential and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Development under Natural Constraints: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Zhang,

Lin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Land

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As urbanization in China progresses, urban spatial development is transitioning from rapid expansion to more intensive and compact growth. This study examined the role of physical geography and environmental factors in shaping the urban spatial development in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Based on the current natural conditions, we selected evaluation indices from topography, hydrogeology, climatic conditions, and natural disasters. These indices were used to create a carrying capacity and suitability evaluation system for development land under natural constraints. Finally, the spatial development potential of the city was finalized by taking into account the current state of the built-up area of the city. Meanwhile, we employed the Optimal Parameters-based Geographical Detector and assessed the impact of 14 natural factors on the spatial development of urban built-up areas. In 2020, the GBA had 52,168.77 km2 of land suitable for construction, of which 34,241.13 km2 was highly suitable (61.29%) and 17,927.64 km2 was moderately suitable (32.09%). At the Bay Area level, 90.15% of the development potential remains untapped; at the city level, Zhaoqing City has the highest potential at 99.56%, while Macao has the lowest at 26.83%. Key factors influencing urban development include silty sand content, annual average relative humidity, and cumulative temperature above 0 °C, with varying impacts across different urban scales. At the Bay Area level, the silty sand content, annual average relative humidity, and cumulative temperature above 0 °C are the main influencing factors on the spatial development of urban built-up areas; at the city level, the main factors are annual average relative humidity and cumulative active temperature above 0 °C. This study reveals the important influence of natural environmental factors on urban spatial development, which is conducive to promoting sustainable development of land resources in GBA.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Potential and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Development under Natural Constraints: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Zhang,

Lin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Land

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“…In addition to the groundwater level discussed in this article, there are many other factors that affect subsidence. For example, the construction of high-rise buildings [ 46 , 47 ] and vibrations caused by subway operations [ 48 ]. All of these have stressed the city and exacerbated subsidence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformation Monitoring Based on SBAS-InSAR and Leveling Measurement: A Case Study of the Jing-Mi Diversion Canal in China

Luo,

Jin,

Nie

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The Jing-Mi Diversion Canal is a large-scale water diversion project in Beijing. Routine monitoring is crucial for the reliability and stability of urban water supply. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) has the advantages of large scale and high accuracy. Based on the small baseline subset InSAR, 187 ascending and 102 descending SAR images obtained from Sentinel-1 were used to detect the deformation along the diversion canal from 2017 to 2023. The results show that there was a sinking trend along the diversion canal. The subsidence was serious in the first half of the canal, and continued to sink from 2019 to 2020. The subsidence was alleviated in 2023. Combined with leveling measurements, the InSAR deformation monitoring results of important pumping station buildings were verified. The measurement accuracy of InSAR can reach the millimeter level. We extracted the groundwater level time series and subsidence for risky canal segments. Through pixel-by-pixel comparison, it was found that fluctuations in groundwater level would have some impact on surface deformation. Severe local subsidence or uplift deformation occasionally occurred. To ensure the safety of water diversion, the monitoring and maintenance of relevant pump station buildings in risky areas should be increased in the future.

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Sustainability Nexus AID: landslides and land subsidence

Motagh,

Garg,

Cigna

et al. 2024

SNF

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Landslides and land subsidence pose significant threats that are both existing and growing in nature. These complex phenomena should not be considered in isolation but rather as interconnected challenges. To effectively understand and mitigate them, a data-driven nexus approach is necessary. Recognizing the importance of addressing this issue comprehensively, the United Nations University has launched the Sustainability Nexus Analytics, Informatics and Data Programme, a comprehensive initiative that intends to enable the nexus approach to problem solving in coupled human–environment systems. This paper provides a detailed background on the Programme’s “Landslides and Land Subsidence Module”, underscoring the crucial need for a nexus approach. Additionally, it highlights some of the tools and strategies that can be employed to tackle the challenges at hand. The success of this initiative hinges on active participation from various stakeholders. By embracing a holistic approach and fostering collaboration, we can strive towards better preparedness and long-term resilience against landslides and land subsidence.

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A national-scale assessment of land subsidence in China’s major cities

Cited by 17 publications

References 74 publications

Potential and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Development under Natural Constraints: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Potential and Influencing Factors of Urban Spatial Development under Natural Constraints: A Case Study of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

Deformation Monitoring Based on SBAS-InSAR and Leveling Measurement: A Case Study of the Jing-Mi Diversion Canal in China

Sustainability Nexus AID: landslides and land subsidence

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