A refugee is defined as a person who flees his or her country due to persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political affiliation or opinion (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 2016). Despite higher rates of mental health symptoms among refugees than other immigrant groups, refugees tend to underuse mental health services (Tempany, 2009). Blackmore et al. (2020) found that refugee and asylum seeker children struggle with high rates of PTSD, depression and anxiety. Akram-Pall and Moodley (2016) illustrated the nature of depression and anxiety associated with migration experiences, which can stem from grief of loss of connection to culture and homeland, social isolation, and anxieties related to economic difficulties and rejection from the host country. In the absence of seeking mental health care, refugees often draw from internal coping strategies, spirituality, service to others and post-traumatic growth (Taylor et al., 2020). The scarcity of multiculturally competent professionals is a barrier for refugees attempting to access mental health care to help cope with these concerns (Tempany, 2009). In addition to the lack of multicultural competence among therapists, the linguistic barriers and social stigma make refugees an especially vulnerable group for untreated mental health issues (Edward & Hines-Martin, 2015). Lack of awareness and knowledge of mental illness and mental health systems may also be a barrier among some refugee communities (Jung & Kim, 2020). The perceived multicultural competence of the counsellor is integral to immigrant clients' positive experiences in counselling (Rogers-Sirin et al., 2015). A lack of multicultural competence can lead to harmful therapeutic practices among vulnerable groups (Wendt et al., 2015). Therefore, counselling refugees competently may require knowledge and skills related to diverse cultural values, immigration issues, advocacy and languages (Kuo & Arcuri, 2014). For refugee children, untreated mental health issues contribute to difficulties in educational and social wellbeing and growth (Blackmore et al., 2020).Counsellors have an ethical obligation to attain multicultural competence, and counsellor educators have an ethical obligation to prepare graduates sufficiently to do so (American Counseling Association, 2014). However, counsellor training programmes often do not include information about immigrant and refugee issues in multicultural counselling courses (Villalba, 2009). This oversight in preparing counsellors to work competently with immigrant clients may compromise counsellors' ability to practise ethically. Part of the gap in cultural competence might involve a lack of knowledge of cultural traditions. Counsellor education programmes may prioritise gaining self-awareness of attitudes and beliefs while putting less emphasis on the knowledge of cultural traditions of ethnic groups