A Nationwide Case-Control Study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Infection in the United States

Abstract

Risk factors for Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection were investigated in a case-control study at 10 medical centers throughout the United States. Among 73 case-patients and 142 matched controls, exposures in the 7 days before illness associated with E. Most information on risk factors associated with E. coli sporadic E. coli O157:H7 infections by conducting a 2-year case-control study in 10 sites throughout the United States. O157:H7 infection in the United States has come from outbreak investigations. Among identified dietary risk factors, foods of bovine origin, particularly undercooked ground beef, have been Materials and Methods the most frequently implicated source [4 -10]. Other foods, such as apple cider and mayonnaise-containing sauces, alsoCase ascertainment. The case-control study was nested in a have been implicated in outbreaks, although the original source multicenter investigation of the frequency of isolation of E. coli of contamination was often suspected to be of bovine or other O157:H7 and other bacterial enteric pathogens in clinical settings; methods for the conduct of that study have been described in detail animal origin [11,12]. Investigations of clusters of infections elsewhere [19]. In brief, an announcement of the study and request for participation from interested hospitals was made in a hospital newsletter with national circulation [20]. The hospitals were cho-

Enterocolitis, antimicrobianos y síndrome hemolítico urémico en niños: Revisión de un concepto

“…Encontramos nueve publicaciones relacionadas con el tema que nos ocupa [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] , además de un meta-análisis sobre el tema 26 . Cuatro de éstos fueron descartados por no contener datos de niños o éstos eran insuficientes para el análisis.…”

“…17 , y Proulx y cols. 20 . A diferencia del resultado de Wong y cols., todos los estudios sugirieron efecto "protector" de los antimicrobianos 19,21,22 o ningún efecto 18 sobre la probabilidad de SHU, como lo muestra el estudio de Safdar y cols.…”

E. coli O104:H4 outbreak and haemolytic–uraemic syndrome

“…Nonetheless, sub-inhibitory levels that target DNA synthesis (ciprofloxacin/TMP-SMX) increase STX production; whilst ciprofloxacin's complete suppression of O157:H7 markedly increases levels of STX. Antibiotics targeting cell wall, 20 Prospective cohort 292 0.12 (0.02---0.75) Cimolai et al 21 Retrospective case---control 128 0.63 (0.27---1.43) Dundas et al 32 Retrospective cohort 120 1.23 (0.4---3.8) Martin et al 26 Retrospective cohort 117 9.4 (1.2---199) Higami et al 27 Retrospective control 216 NS d Shiomi et al 28 Retrospective 22 Prospective cohort 10 14.25 (3.62---56.1) h Pavia et al 23 Retrospective case---control 23 NS i Slutsker et al 29 Retrospective case---control 93 11.5 (1.4---91.8) j Ostroff et al 31 Retrospective case---control 80 3.1 (0.6---9.8) k 9.1 (NS) l Carter et al 30 Retrospective transcription and translation do not have any effect on STX levels. Based on the evidence, during this outbreak Germany's infectious diseases society recommended to avoid the use of FQ, TMP-SMX, aminoglycosides and fosfomycin in EHEC patients.…”

The Inflammatory Response during Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infection

“…Depletion of neutrophils in mice infected with the mouse A/E pathogen Citrobacter rodentium results in elevated bacterial loads in the liver and spleen, suggesting an important role for neutrophils in controlling infection with A/E pathogens (12). Similarly, patients with EHEC infection consistently have significantly increased numbers of leukocytes in their feces, more so than with Salmonella or Shigella infections (13), whereas antibodies against the leukocyte adhesion molecule CD18 reduce clinical symptoms and pathology of EHEC infections in rabbits (14).…”