A natural gain strategy of passive cycling water vapour escape toward efficient freshwater purification

Abstract

Solar interfacial evaporation offers an economical and efficient solution to the global shortage of freshwater resources, and the introduction of the side evaporation surface brings new insights into its efficiency....

Enhanced Total Contactless Photothermal Desalination by Translucent Thin Film Coating of Crystalline Nanocellulose

“…where E rate is the evaporative rate, W is the weight of the water, T is the time, and S I is the interfacial surface area, E n is the evaporative rate of respective experiment, and E WL is evaporative rate without lid, i.e., normal evaporation. Evaporation efficiency for different systems and structure of materials play an important role as reported in several previous studies. − Therefore, it is important to estimate the system efficiency for better understanding. Thus, the evaporation efficiency (η) was calculated using the following equation to compare the results obtained by three different systems reported in this investigation: η = m x normalΔ H normalvap / I ; where Δ H vap was calculated by Δ H vap = C Δ T + h LV , m x is the mass change rate or evaporation rate of respective setup in kg/m 2 r·h, I is the irradiation intensity in kW/m 2 , C is the specific heat capacity of water (4.2 kJ/kg °C), Δ T is the difference in temperature at stable conditions, and h LV is the latent heat of vaporization of the water.…”

The latest research progress of conductive hydrogels in the field of electrophysiological signal acquisition

“…However, conventional hydrogel monomers are usually not conductive and cannot respond to external stimuli, limiting their development in the field of electrophysiological signal acquisition. Conductive hydrogels with conductive properties can be prepared by adding materials such as conductive polymers, 22–24 conductive nanomaterials, 25,26 and free ions 27–29 to hydrogels, and adjusting the addition ratio of these materials and changing the hydrogel network to a gradient structure 30–33 can effectively regulate their conductivity. In addition, excellent mechanical properties, 34 anti-freezing properties, 35,36 self-adhesive properties, 37 and self-healing properties 38–40 can be achieved through the rational design of conductive hydrogels, which makes the conductive hydrogels have long-term stability and reusability, good adaptability in harsh environments, and accuracy of signal acquisition.…”