A Natural Reservoir and Transmission Vector of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus

Petersen, Sylvia; Keith, Cory Von; Austin, Kaylie; Howard, Susanne; Li, Su; Qiu, Wenping

doi:10.1094/pdis-06-18-1073-re

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Grapevine viruses are increasingly identified in free-living vines, including Vcal and its hybrids [26,39,40] [this study], V. riparia [29], V. sylvestris [41], V. labruscana [42], V. rupestris [43], V. cinerea [35], Vitis coignetiae [44], and unidentified species [43], as well as the related Ampelopsis cordata [45]. Interestingly, among the different viruses identified in free-living vines, GRBV [this study] and grapevine vein clearing virus [45] are the only two viruses known to be transmitted from and to free-living vines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’

Hoyle

Flasco

Choi

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Grapevine red blotch disease emerged within the past decade, disrupting North American vine stock production and vineyard profitability. Our understanding of how grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV), the causal agent of the disease, interacts with its Vitis hosts and insect vector, Spissistilus festinus, is limited. Here, we studied the capabilities of S. festinus to transmit GRBV from and to free-living vines, identified as first-generation hybrids of V. californica and V. vinifera ‘Sauvignon blanc’ (Vcal hybrids), and to and from V. vinifera ‘Cabernet franc’ (Vvin Cf) vines. The transmission rate of GRBV was high from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (77%, 10 of 13) and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vcal hybrid vines (100%, 3 of 3). In contrast, the transmission rate of GRBV was low from infected Vcal hybrid vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (15%, 2 of 13), and from infected Vvin Cf vines to healthy Vvin Cf vines (19%, 5 of 27). No association was found between transmission rates and GRBV titer in donor vines used in transmission assays, but the virus titer was higher in the recipient leaves of Vcal hybrid vines compared with recipient leaves of Vvin Cf vines. The transmission of GRBV from infected Vcal hybrid vines was also determined to be trans-stadial. Altogether, our findings revealed that free-living vines can be a source for the GRBV inoculum that is transmissible by S. festinus to other free-living vines and a wine grape cultivar, illustrating the interconnected roles of the two virus hosts in riparian areas and commercial vineyards, respectively, for virus spread. These new insights into red blotch disease epidemiology will inform the implementation of disease management strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’

Hoyle

Flasco

Choi

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…For example, beet yellow stunt virus can kill lettuce but infects its weed reservoir, sow thistle, asymptomatically (Duffus, 1971). Wild Ampelopsis cordata is the natural reservoir of grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), the causative agent of vein clearing and vine decline diseases (Petersen et al, 2019). The presence of viral reservoirs can increase the incidence of infection in humans, domestic animals, and crop plants.…”

Section: The Natural Reservoirs Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, wild A. cordata was identified as the natural reservoir of GVCV because the virus was detected in 31% of wild A. cordata, which showed mild vein clearing, and it could be transferred between A. cordata and grape by aphids (Petersen et al, 2019). Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) can be transmitted from its infected reservoir, ryegrass, which has a very low titer of WDV, to wheat by leafhoppers (Yazdkhasti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Approaches To Identify the Natural Reservoirs Of Plant Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to mild or symptomless infection, identification of the natural reservoir requires confirmation that the virus can be naturally transmitted between host plants and reservoir plants by a vector, such as an insect. For example, wild A. cordata was identified as the natural reservoir of GVCV because the virus was detected in 31% of wild A. cordata , which showed mild vein clearing, and it could be transferred between A. cordata and grape by aphids (Petersen et al, 2019). Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) can be transmitted from its infected reservoir, ryegrass, which has a very low titer of WDV, to wheat by leafhoppers (Yazdkhasti et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antiviral strategies: What can we learn from natural reservoirs?

Pan

Liu

et al. 2022

JIPB

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SUMMARY Viruses cause many severe diseases in both plants and animals, urging us to explore new antiviral strategies. In their natural reservoirs, viruses live and replicate while causing mild or no symptoms. Some animals, such as bats, are the predicted natural reservoir of multiple viruses, indicating that they possess broad‐spectrum antiviral capabilities. Mechanisms of host defenses against viruses are generally studied independently in plants and animals. In this article, we speculate that some antiviral strategies of natural reservoirs are conserved between kingdoms. To verify this hypothesis, we created null mutants of 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (AtTHFS), an Arabidopsis thaliana homologue of methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1 (MTHFD1), which encodes a positive regulator of viral replication in bats. We found that disruption of AtTHFS enhanced plant resistance to three different types of plant viruses, including the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and the beet severe curly top virus (BSCTV). These results demonstrate a novel antiviral strategy for plant breeding. We further discuss the approaches used to identify and study natural reservoirs of plant viruses, especially those hosting many viruses, and highlight the possibility of discovering new antiviral strategies from them for plant molecular breeding and antiviral therapy.

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“…GVCV is only found in the Midwest (Guo et al, 2014;Beach et al, 2017). In addition to cultivated grapes, it has also been found in wild grapes (Vitis rupestris) and heartleaf peppervine (Ampelopsis cordata) (Beach et al, 2017;Peterson et al, 2019). Recently the grape aphid (Aphis illinoisensis) has been shown to be an efficient vector of GVCV and it has also been shown that this aphid is able to transmit GVCV from A. cordata to Chardonel (Peterson et al, 2019).…”

Section: Impact Of Gvcv On Vine Health and Berry Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of economically important Grapevine viruses on yield and berry juice quality in the hybrid grape cultivars Norton and Chardonel

Adams¹

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Three grapevine viruses are considered to pose great threats to grape and wine production in the United States. Those viruses are Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV), Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) and Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV). These viruses are prevalent in Missouri vineyards. Even with the threat these viruses pose, research has been done almost exclusively in Vitis vinifera, while little is known about how they might affect the grape hybrids commonly grown in Missouri. In this study we identified 30 grapevines in each hybrid variety of Norton and Chardonel to examine their response to virus infection. We identified 10 Norton vines infected with either GLRaV-3, GRBV, or neither virus in a Norton vineyard, and compared different parameters associated with yield and vine health (cluster counts, individual berry weight, pruning weight), and berry juice quality (Brix, titratable acids (TA), pH). We further identified 10 Chardonel vines infected with GLRaV-3, or a combination of GVCV/GLRaV-3 or GRBV/GLRaV-3 and compared different parameters associated with yield and vine health (cluster counts, individual berry weight, pruning weight), and berry juice quality (Brix, titratable acids (TA), pH). In measuring these parameters for Norton, we found there was no significant difference between berry juice from vines infected with GLRaV-3 and the virus-free vines; however, vines infected with GRBV yielded significantly larger berries and the juice had a higher TA than virus-free samples. We conclude that although Norton is susceptible to both viruses, this host may be tolerant to GLRaV3 infection and may be only moderately affected by GRBV infection. With the Chardonel vines, we examined the effect of GRBV and GVCV in a background infection of GLRaV-3. Surveys of Missouri vineyards have shown that Chardonel is frequently infected with these combinations of viruses. Results showed that vines infected with both GVCV and GLRaV-3 had significant differences in Brix, TA, berry size, and pH from vines infected with only GLRaV-3. By contrast, there were no significant differences between vines infected with both GRBV and GLRaV-3 versus vines infected with only GLRaV-3. In Chardonel we conclude that GVCV can work in synergism with GLRaV-3 to intensify disease, whereas GRBV did not similarly increase any disease effects associated with GLRaV-3. A recent survey for grapevine viruses in Missouri revealed that most of the grape cultivars grown in Missouri vineyards are infected with at least one virus and many grapevines are infected with multiple viruses. The viruses that were detected in the survey have been shown to cause serious problems in Vitis vinifera. However, very few studies have examined the effect of these viruses on the American and French-American cultivars that predominate in Missouri vineyards. To investigate the impact of virus infections on the American and grape hybrids grown in Missouri, we have established a research vineyard at the Mizzou Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center (HARC) in New Franklin, Missouri, that consists of Norton, Chardonel, and Vidal Blanc vines infected with combinations of up to six viruses found in Missouri vineyards. This research vineyard will allow us to determine how viruses affect the American and French American hybrid grapes that form the basis of the Missouri grape and wine industry.

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A Natural Reservoir and Transmission Vector of Grapevine Vein Clearing Virus

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’

Transmission of Grapevine Red Blotch Virus by Spissistilus festinus [Say, 1830] (Hemiptera: Membracidae) between Free-Living Vines and Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Franc’

Antiviral strategies: What can we learn from natural reservoirs?

The impact of economically important Grapevine viruses on yield and berry juice quality in the hybrid grape cultivars Norton and Chardonel

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