A naturalistic study of parental emotion socialization: Unique contributions of fathers.

Gerhardt, Micah; Feng, Xin; Wu, Qiong; Hooper, Emma; Ku, Seulki; Chan, Meingold Hiu-ming

doi:10.1037/fam0000602

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This was true in relation to direct effects of supportive/unsupportive parenting on social skills, direct effects of supportive/unsupportive parenting on negative reactivity and indirect effects of supportive/unsupportive parenting on social skills. These findings added evidence to recent research valuing the fathers' role in emotional socialization process (e.g., Cherry & Gerstein, 2021;Gerhardt et al, 2020;Maia & Pereira, 2021;Yaremych & Volling, 2018). In the present study, fathers made unique contributions to their children's socio-emotional development.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…In the present study, fathers made unique contributions to their children's socio-emotional development. Gender is an important issue in approaching how children learn about emotions, as men and women are socialized to express vs. inhibit/suppress emotions according to gendered roles defined by cultural norms that vary across communities and contexts (Gerhardt et al, 2020). The present study proved that mothers and fathers' emotion socialization practices may be differently linked to child's social outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Moreover, in accordance with evidence suggesting that parents' emotion socialization practices operate differently with children in middle childhood compared to preschoolers (Mirabile et al, 2018;Nelson & Boyer, 2018), in the current study, we resort to an age-homogeneous sample (8-10 years). Finally, it should be emphasized that in the current study the effects of mothers and fathers' supportive/unsupportive parenting will be separately considered, given recent research showing the unique contribution of fathers to (un)supportiveness in emotion socialization (Cherry & Gerstein, 2021;Gerhardt et al, 2020;Maia & Pereira, 2021;Yaremych & Volling, 2018).…”

Section: Supportive/unsupportive Adoptive Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediating Role of the Child’s Temperament on the Relationship Between Mother/Father’s Adoptive Parenting and Adoptee’s Social Skills: Hybrid Dyadic Analyses

Soares¹,

Barbosa‐Ducharne²,

Palacios³

2021

Preprint

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Adoption provides a unique opportunity to study the simultaneous effect on adoptees’ development of environmental influences related to adoptive parenting, and children’s biology-based characteristics. In this paper, two Hybrid Dyadic Models were tested to study the mediational role of the adoptees’ negative reactivity on the relationship between mothers and fathers’ supportive (Model A) and unsupportive (Model B) parenting, and adoptees’ social skills. In a sample of 102 couples, mothers and fathers’ reports on adoptees’ social skills, the adoptees’ negative reactivity, and supportive/unsupportive parenting were explored. Supportive/unsupportive parenting was assessed individually (mothers and fathers separately), whereas the adoptees’ negative reactivity and social skills were treated as common fate variables, with both parents’ scores as indicators of a latent construct. Results were non-significant for Model A. Regarding Model B, different relation patterns between unsupportive parenting and social skills were found, depending on whether it was the mother's or the father's parenting. The child's negative reactivity mediated the relationship between the father's (not the mother's) unsupportive parenting and the child's social skills. With information from both parents and considering simultaneously their unique and shared perspectives, this study advances adoption research and strengthens the relevance of dyadic analyses when studying the adoptive family dynamics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Supportive/unsupportive Adoptive Parentingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mediating Role of the Child’s Temperament on the Relationship Between Mother/Father’s Adoptive Parenting and Adoptee’s Social Skills: Hybrid Dyadic Analyses

Soares¹,

Barbosa‐Ducharne²,

Palacios³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, future research would also benefit from examining influences from ES to children within mother–father–child triadic interaction, as coparent ES ( Thomassin et al, 2017 ) or fathers’ observed ES ( Gerhardt et al, 2020 ) may be critical factors in children’s emotion regulation, mental health, and emotion expression. Finally, future longitudinal studies could highlight the individual and familial mechanisms that contribute to this topic.…”

Section: Implications Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Maternal Emotion Socialization: Based on Belsky’s Process of Parenting Model

Bao

Kato

2020

Front. Psychol.

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The purpose of the current study was to investigate how the potential multifactors influence mothers' emotion socialization. This study involved 300 Japanese-speaking married mothers with 2-5-year-old children, who answered a series of measures of emotion socialization (coaching, dismissing, dysfunction, and non-involvement), emotion regulation strategy (reappraisal and expressive suppression), psychopathology (anxiety and depression), and perceived parenting alliance with their partners. (a) Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated different effects between maternal anxiety and depression, such that higher levels of depression were associated with less coaching and higher levels of anxiety were associated with more dismissing and dysfunction. (b) Moreover, maternal emotion regulation was significant even when controlling for psychopathology, in which reappraisal had significant positive association with coaching and, conversely, expressive suppression had significant negative association with coaching and positive associations with non-involvement, dismissing, and dysfunction. (c) Additionally, moderation analysis revealed that a greater use of reappraisal was associated with more coaching, and this relation was strongest in lower levels of parenting alliance. Similarly, a greater use of reappraisal was associated with less dysfunction only when parenting alliance was low. Reappraisal may be effective in promoting supportive emotion socialization and buffering the negative effect of lower parenting alliance on unsupportive emotion socialization. Based on Belsky's process of parenting model, we incorporate maternal psychopathology, emotion regulation, and perceived parenting alliance into one model of influencing maternal emotion socialization and highlight the unique role of emotion regulation.

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“…Another limitation is that this model pertains to the transmission of emotion dysregulation amongst mothers with a history of child maltreatment. More research is beginning to examine the unique influence of fathers in the process of ES (e.g., Gerhardt et al, 2020) and despite widespread recognition that ES occurs within the family system (Morris et al, 2007), there is a paucity of literature on how mothers and fathers socialize children's development in an interactive way (Poon et al, 2017). A study by McElwain and colleagues (2007) found that when one parent reported low levels of supportive ES, greater support by the other parent was related to higher levels of emotional understanding in children.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Conceptual Model of the Intergenerational Transmission of Emotion Dysregulation in Mothers with a History of Childhood Maltreatment

Cabecinha‐Alati

Langevin²,

Montreuil

2020

IJCAR

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Objectives: Adults with a history of childhood maltreatment report problems with emotion regulation (ER) and parenting, which can contribute to maladaptive outcomes in offspring. The following narrative review consists of a theoretical and empirical synthesis of the literature examining child maltreatment, emotion regulation, and parenting, with an emphasis on parental emotion socialization. Method: Building upon the literature contained in the review, we developed a novel conceptual model that elucidates some of the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of emotion dysregulation among mothers with a history of childhood maltreatment. Taking into account risk and protective factors (e.g., socio-economic status, polyvictimization, teenage motherhood, access to social supports), our conceptual model highlights both direct (e.g., social learning) and indirect (e.g., ER difficulties) mechanisms through which child maltreatment contributes to problems with parental emotion socialization and ER difficulties in the next generation. Implications: Directions for future research and implications for intervention will be discussed with an emphasis on preventing the continuity of maladaptive parenting by promoting the development of parents’ ER abilities in a trauma-informed, resilience-focused framework.

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A naturalistic study of parental emotion socialization: Unique contributions of fathers.

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Mediating Role of the Child’s Temperament on the Relationship Between Mother/Father’s Adoptive Parenting and Adoptee’s Social Skills: Hybrid Dyadic Analyses

Mediating Role of the Child’s Temperament on the Relationship Between Mother/Father’s Adoptive Parenting and Adoptee’s Social Skills: Hybrid Dyadic Analyses

Determinants of Maternal Emotion Socialization: Based on Belsky’s Process of Parenting Model

A Conceptual Model of the Intergenerational Transmission of Emotion Dysregulation in Mothers with a History of Childhood Maltreatment

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