A nature-based solution in forest management to improve ecosystem services and mitigate their trade-offs

Trade-offs and synergies in ecosystem services for sustainability

“…Rooted in direct and indirect drivers, approaches including ecosystem, landscape-scale, multiobjective optimization, and policy interventions among others can be used to diminish ES trade-offs (Zheng et al, 2019) (D). Interestingly, nature-based solutions-one type derived from the ecosystem approach, are increasingly applied as one of the most effective choices to "recognize and address the trade-offs between the production of a few immediate economic benefits for development, and future options for the production of the full range of ES" (Cohen-shacham et al, 2019, p. 24) to support conservation and sustainable development objectives (Cohen-shacham et al, 2019;Seddon et al, 2020;Babí et al, 2021;Pan et al, 2021;Ma et al, 2022) (D→ E: +). Minimizing ES trade-offs and/or maximizing positive ES synergies can also be achieved by using other approaches, e.g., market-based approaches (Crookes et al, 2013;Ecology et al, 2021), community-based approaches (Mistry et al, 2017), two-eyed-seeing seeing (Buxton et al, 2021), actor-network theory (Ernstson, 2013), transdisciplinary research (TDR) approach (Quintas-Soriano et al, 2018;Auerswald et al, 2019;Aryal et al, 2022) (D→ E: +).…”

“…ES topics have been studied in diverse ways, mostly focusing on specific perspectives, e.g., ES trade-offs and synergies reviewed under a landscape lens (Castro et al, 2014;Tomscha and Gergel, 2016;Grass et al, 2020), market-based approaches (Royal, 2021), nature-based solutions (Salvatori and Pallante, 2021;Ma et al, 2022), particular aspects of approaches (Zheng et al, 2019), or methods (Baiqiu et al, 2019). Some mention ES tradeoffs in a specific biome, e.g., for peatland (Saarikoski et al, 2019), boreal forests (Chen et al, 2016), tropical forests (Naime et al, 2020), dryland ecosystems (Yu et al, 2021a), or biodiversity hotspots/regions (Chisholm, 2010;Maes et al, 2012;Maass et al, 2016;Girardello et al, 2019).…”

Nature-Based Solutions in “Forest–Wetland” Spatial Planning Strategies to Promote Sustainable City Development in Tianjin, China

“…The 10 km service scope covers more than 70% of the central city, which can offer public spots for leisure and entertainment. The forests on the fringes of the central city, such as Jizhou, Jinghai, and Ninghe forests, can be intercropped with vegetation to improve biodiversity and agricultural income [7]. The forest next to the expressway constitutes the green-blue ecological corridor, which mainly plays the role of limiting the sprawl of the urban built-up area.…”

“…Sowi ńska-Świerkosz and Garcia (2022) proposed the ideas that the integration of blue-green elements is a key criterion of NbS, and hybrid green-blue-grey intervention can also be regarded as NbS to achieve enhanced efficiency and affordability [6]. Ma et al (2022) mentioned that NbS should mitigate climate change, enhance the ecological environment, and protect biodiversity to achieve a win-win scenario [7]. NbS has been under development for decades; however, its theoretical underpinnings require further refinement.…”

“…To address the challenges of climate change, researchers explored hydro-climatic risks [9], urban heat island mitigation [10], carbon sequestration [11], and flood risk reduction [12]. As for the challenges of sustainable urban development, researchers have focused on shaping blue-green spaces, such as optimising urban parks, forests, and wetlands, to strengthen public health [13], raise incomes [7], and improve the quality of urban ecosystems [14]. Among these, NbS studies on forestation and wetland restoration require further exploration.…”