A near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for visualizing and monitoring mitochondrial viscosity in live cells and inflammatory tissues

Triphenylamine indanedione as an AIE-based molecular sensor with one-step facile synthesis toward viscosity detection of liquids

“…Then, the Stokes shift was investigated; since a larger Stokes shift can be helpful to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio, the spontaneous fluorescence can be filtered out. 42 As presented in Fig. 3, for the DPBID sensor, the Stokes shifts in water (low viscosity) and glycerol (high viscosity) were found to be 85 nm and 34 nm, respectively.…”

Membrane-Activated Fluorescent Probe for High-Fidelity Imaging of Mitochondrial Membrane Potential

“…An important phenomenon was observed that the nuclei were not stained in all the above processes, which further confirmed that the probe can eliminate the interference from its luminescence in the non-mitochondrial membrane. Previous reports indicated that inflammation, mitophagy, and apoptosis can lead to the increase of the viscosity in the mitochondrial membrane, 44,45,47 which caused an enhancement in the emissions of the probes with AIE characteristic. In fact, the fluorescence of TPE-NT in the damaged cells was obviously weakened, which clearly demonstrated that the changes in fluorescence of TPE-NT were attributed to the decrease of ΔΨ m .…”

“…Inflammatory cells triggered by LPS, a cell wall ingredient of Gram-negative bacteria, are a common cell model in the development of a biosensor. , Herein, the fluorescence imaging of LoVo cells was conducted in the inflammatory model caused by 20 μM LPS. As shown in Figures b and S20, the ΔΨ m reduced progressively with the aggravation of cell inflammation, and the depolarization process was completed at 120 min, which is a slower process compared with these processes including the treatment of CCCP (Figure c), lactate/pyruvate (Figure f), rapamycin (Figure h), monensin (Figure i), and nystatin (Figure j).…”

A NIR molecular rotor photosensitizer for efficient PDT and synchronous mitochondrial viscosity imaging

“…15 To date, an increasing variety of fluorescent probes for mitochondrial viscosity detection have been reported. 8 a ,14 b ,16 Compared with the combined use of two probes, a dual function PS with viscosity detection capability has several advantages, including that it can avoid different metabolisms and localizations caused by the two probes. 17 However, dual functional probes which could achieve mitochondria-targeting PDT and simultaneously indicate the variation of viscosity are rarely reported.…”