“…The issues and problems vary depending on the community’s social, economic, and cultural contexts. A synthesis of the findings from the cases reported by McLean, Kuo, Budhwani, Yamnill, and Virakul (in press), and Budhwani and McLean (in press) in this issue, as well as additional related literature (e.g., Jha & Kumar, 2000; Johnson, Bartlett, Cunningham, Lynham, & der Marwitz, 2010; Kuo, Yamnill, & McLean, 2008; Razvi & Roth, 2010; Virakul & McLean, 2010) shows that typical issues and problems at the community level include health and safety, women’s issues, adult literacy, poverty, and the public education system. Although it is surprising to find such a wide range of issues approached by HRD, this diversity appears to be inevitable in that the well-being of a group of people or a society must be addressed in all life domains (Finnis, 1993), and HRD is suitable to serve equally a set of public issues beyond work-related domains (Kuchinke, 2010).…”