A Network of Topographic Maps in Human Association Cortex Hierarchically Transforms Visual Timing-Selective Responses

Harvey, Ben M.; Dumoulin, Serge O.; Fracasso, Alessio; Paul, Jacob

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.090

Cited by 71 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Previous studies have pointed to a broad network of neural regions engaged in temporal processing, including the supplementary motor area, inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and basal ganglia ( Wiener et al, 2010b ; Hayashi et al, 2014 , 2018 ; Protopapa et al, 2019 ; Harvey et al, 2020 ). Although the ROI approach used here was designed to focus on right SMG, it is noteworthy that none of these cortical or subcortical areas showed duration-selective attenuation of the BOLD response in the exploratory, whole-brain analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Hayashi

Ivry

2020

J. Neurosci.

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The perception of duration in the subsecond range has been hypothesized to be mediated by the population response of duration-sensitive units, each tuned to a preferred duration. One line of support for this hypothesis comes from neuroimaging studies showing that cortical regions, such as in parietal cortex exhibit duration tuning. It remains unclear if this representation is based on the physical duration of the sensory input or the subjective duration, a question that is important given that our perception of the passage of time is often not veridical, but rather, biased by various contextual factors. Here we used fMRI to examine the neural correlates of subjective time perception in human participants. To manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant, we employed an adaptation method, in which, prior to judging the duration of a test stimulus, the participants were exposed to a train of adapting stimuli of a fixed duration. Behaviorally, this procedure produced a pronounced negative aftereffect: A short adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as longer and a long adaptor biased participants to judge stimuli as shorter. Duration tuning modulation, manifest as an attenuated BOLD response to stimuli similar in duration to the adaptor, was only observed in the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) of the parietal lobe and middle occipital gyrus, bilaterally. Across individuals, the magnitude of the behavioral aftereffect was positively correlated with the magnitude of duration tuning modulation in SMG. These results indicate that duration-tuned neural populations in right SMG reflect the subjective experience of time. 3 Significance statement The subjective sense of time is a fundamental dimension of sensory experience. To investigate the neural basis of subjective time, we conducted an fMRI study, using an adaptation procedure that allowed us to manipulate perceived duration while holding physical duration constant. Regions within the occipital cortex and right parietal lobe showed duration tuning that was modulated when the test stimuli were similar in duration to the adaptor. Moreover, the magnitude of the distortion in perceived duration was correlated with the degree of duration tuning modulation in the parietal region. These results provide strong physiological evidence that the population coding of time in the right parietal cortex reflects our subjective experience of time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Hayashi

Ivry

2020

J. Neurosci.

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“…The population receptive field (pRF) mapping technique (Dumoulin and Wandell, 2008) has rapidly become a popular method in human neuroimaging, allowing a relatively fast characterization of the retinotopic organization of the brain. Furthermore, since it describes the tuning properties of the underlying voxels, it can also provide insight into more complex visual and cognitive functions (Binda et al, 2018;Ekman et al, 2020;Harvey et al, 2020Harvey et al, , 2015He et al, 2019;Hughes et al, 2019;Mo et al, 2017;Poltoratski et al, 2019;Poltoratski and Tong, 2020;Shao et al, 2013;Shen et al, 2020;Silson et al, 2018;Stoll et al, 2020;Thomas et al, 2015;Welbourne et al, 2018;Zuiderbaan et al, 2017), dysfunctions (Ahmadi et al, 2020;Alvarez et al, 2020;Best et al, 2019;Dumoulin and Knapen, 2018;Green et al, 2019;Schwarzkopf et al, 2014), brain development (Dekker et al, 2019), cortical evolution (Zhu and Vanduffel, 2019), and information transfer across different brain areas (Haak et al, 2013). Human pRFs from neuroimaging studies qualitatively resemble receptive fields recorded with invasive electrophysiological techniques in animal experiments, but since these signals are derived from different species, often with different analytical or experimental methods, it remains an important question what type of neuronal population characteristic is actually measured by the fMRI BOLD-signal (Dumoulin and Wandell, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This 'population receptive field' method (Dumoulin and Wandell, 2008;Wandell et al, 2007;Winawer, 2015, 2010) has rapidly become a popular method to map the functional organization of the human brain. In addition to describing the retinotopic organization of retinal activation in cortical and subcortical brain areas, the method has been used to map the cortical representation of other stimulus features such as tonotopy (Thomas et al, 2015), numerosity (Harvey et al, 2015), tactile sensations (Puckett et al, 2020), and visual timing (Harvey et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population receptive fields in non-human primates from whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiology in visual cortex

Klink

Chen

Vanduffel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Population receptive field (pRF) modeling is a popular method to map the retinotopic organization of the human brain with fMRI. While BOLD-based pRF-maps are qualitatively similar to invasively recorded single-cell receptive fields in animals, it remains unclear what neuronal signal they truly represent. We address this question with whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiological recordings in awake non-human primates. Several pRF-models were independently fit to the BOLD signal, multi-unit spiking activity (MUA) and local field potential (LFP) power in distinct frequency bands. Our results provide a retinotopic characterization of cortical and subcortical areas, suggest brain-wide compressive (i.e., sublinear) spatial summation, and demonstrate a visually tuned deactivation of default mode network nodes. Cross-signal analysis of pRF-map structure (eccentricity-size relation) indicates that the neural underpinnings of BOLD-pRFs are area-specific. In V1, BOLD-pRFs mirror MUA, while in V4 they are more similar to the tuning of the gamma LFP-power.

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“…Some models of timing judgments for visual events build on evidence showing that V1 neurons respond quasi-linearly to stimuli as a function of their duration 40,41 . The increased magnitude of the response would lead to a shift in the perceived duration in higher-level cortical areas that turn early visual responses into temporal tuning curves that could be used in timing and duration tasks [42][43][44] .…”

Section: Temporal Dilation Explanationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of action intentionality and effector in the subjective expansion of temporal duration after saccadic eye movements

Melcher

Kumar

Srinivasan

2020

Sci Rep

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Visual perception is based on periods of stable fixation separated by saccadic eye movements. Although naive perception seems stable (in space) and continuous (in time), laboratory studies have demonstrated that events presented around the time of saccades are misperceived spatially and temporally. Saccadic chronostasis, the “stopped clock illusion”, represents one such temporal distortion in which the movement of the clock hand after the saccade is perceived as lasting longer than usual. Multiple explanations for chronostasis have been proposed including action-backdating, temporal binding of the action towards the moment of its effect (“intentional binding”) and post-saccadic temporal dilation. The current study aimed to resolve this debate by using different types of action (keypress vs saccade) and varying the intentionality of the action. We measured both perceived onset of the motor action and perceived onset of an auditory tone presented at different delays after the keypress/saccade. The results showed intentional binding for the keypress action, with perceived motor onset shifted forwards in time and the time of the tone shifted backwards. Saccades resulted in the opposite pattern, showing temporal expansion rather than compression, especially with cued saccades. The temporal illusion was modulated by intentionality of the movement. Our findings suggest that saccadic chronostasis is not solely dependent on a backward shift in perceived saccade onset, but instead reflects a temporal dilation. This percept of an effectively “longer” period at the beginning of a new fixation may reflect the pattern of suppressed, and then enhanced, visual processing around the time of saccades.

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A Network of Topographic Maps in Human Association Cortex Hierarchically Transforms Visual Timing-Selective Responses

Cited by 71 publications

References 55 publications

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Duration Selectivity in Right Parietal Cortex Reflects the Subjective Experience of Time

Population receptive fields in non-human primates from whole-brain fMRI and large-scale neurophysiology in visual cortex

The role of action intentionality and effector in the subjective expansion of temporal duration after saccadic eye movements

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