A neural code for time and space in the human brain

Schonhaut, Daniel R.; Aghajan, Zahra M.; Kahana, Michael J.; Fried, Itzhak

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113238

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…During each session, subjects played one of two first-person navigation games, Yellow Cab or Goldmine, in which they freely explored a virtual environment and retrieved objects or navigated to specific locations. Previous studies have described the details of these experiments ( Ekstrom et al, 2003 ; Jacobs et al, 2010 ; Schonhaut et al, 2023 ); for the present study, we pooled data across these studies to generate a large sample for conducting electrophysiological analyses. We analyzed intervals in which subjects could freely navigate through the virtual environment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed semi-automatic spike sorting and quality inspection on each microwire channel using the WaveClus software package in Matlab ( Quiroga et al, 2004 ), as previously described ( Ekstrom et al, 2003 ; Schonhaut et al, 2023 ). We isolated 0–8 units on each microwire channel, retaining both single-units and multi-units for subsequent analysis while removing units with low-amplitude waveforms relative to the noise floor, non-neuronal waveforms, inconsistent firing across the recording session, or other data quality issues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta

Schonhaut,

Rao,

Ramayya

et al. 2024

eLife

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Memory formation depends on neural activity across a network of regions, including the hippocampus and broader medial temporal lobe (MTL). Interactions between these regions have been studied indirectly using functional MRI, but the bases for interregional communication at a cellular level remain poorly understood. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that oscillatory currents in the hippocampus synchronize the firing of neurons both within and outside the hippocampus. We recorded extracellular spikes from 1,854 single- and multi-units simultaneously with hippocampal local field potentials (LFPs) in 28 neurosurgical patients who completed virtual navigation experiments. A majority of hippocampal neurons phase-locked to oscillations in the slow (2-4Hz) or fast (6-10Hz) theta bands, with a significant subset exhibiting nested slow theta x beta frequency (13-20Hz) phase-locking. Outside of the hippocampus, phase-locking to hippocampal oscillations occurred only at theta frequencies and primarily among neurons in the entorhinal cortex and amygdala. Moreover, extrahippocampal neurons phase-locked to hippocampal theta even when theta did not appear locally. These results indicate that spike-time synchronization with hippocampal theta is a defining feature of neuronal activity in the hippocampus and structurally connected MTL regions. Theta phase-locking could mediate flexible communication with the hippocampus to influence the content and quality of memories.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta

Schonhaut,

Rao,

Ramayya

et al. 2024

eLife

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Despite these findings, the precise nature and the extent to which these perceptual domains share common mechanisms remain unknown. This has spurred several investigations into better understanding the relationship between time and space ( Abramson et al, 2023 ; Schonhaut et al, 2023 ). Most studies to date have approached the question in terms of the interferences that occur between perceptual domains ( Marcos and Genovesio, 2017 ; Martin et al, 2017 ; Üstün et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Same principle, but different computations in representing time and space

Sima,

Sanayei

2024

Front. Neurosci.

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Time and space are two intertwined contexts that frame our cognition of the world and have shared mechanisms. A well-known theory on this case is “A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM)” which states that the perception of these two domains shares common mechanisms. However, evidence regarding shared computations of time and space is intermixed. To investigate this issue, we asked human subjects to reproduce time and distance intervals with saccadic eye movements in similarly designed tasks. We applied an observer model to both modalities and found underlying differences in the processing of time and space. While time and space computations are both probabilistic, adding priors to space perception minimally improved model performance, as opposed to time perception which was consistently better explained by Bayesian computations. We also showed that while both measurement and motor variability were smaller in distance than time reproduction, only the motor variability was correlated between them, as both tasks used saccadic eye movements for response. Our results suggest that time and space perception abide by the same algorithm but have different computational properties.

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“…Despite these findings, the precise nature and the extent to which these perceptual domains share common mechanisms remain unknown. This has spurred several investigations into better understanding the relationship between time and space 20,21 . Most studies to date have approached the question in terms of the interferences that occurs between perceptual domains [22][23][24] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Same principle, but different computations in representing time and space

Sima,

Sanayei

2023

Preprint

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Time and space are two intertwined contexts that frame our cognition of the world and possibly have shared mechanisms. A well-known theory on this case is ‘A Theory of Magnitude (ATOM)’ which states that the perception of these two domains shares common mechanisms. However, evidence regarding shared computations of time and space is intermixed. To investigate this issue, we asked human subjects to reproduce time and distance intervals with saccadic eye movements in similarly designed tasks. We applied a Bayesian observer model to both modalities and found distinct psychological mechanisms underlying the processing of time and space. While time and space computations are both probabilistic, adding prior to space perception minimally improved model performance, as opposed to time perception which was consistently better explained by Bayesian computations. We also showed that while both measurement and motor variability were smaller in distance than time reproduction, only the motor variability was correlated between them, as both tasks used saccadic eye movements for response. Our results point to gaps in ATOM proposal in accommodating aspects in which time and space are represented with different implementations.

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A neural code for time and space in the human brain

Cited by 6 publications

References 58 publications

MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta

MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta

Same principle, but different computations in representing time and space

Same principle, but different computations in representing time and space

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