“…Such linear models as autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA; Li, Han, et al, 2018) and gray model (GM; Li, 2014) have achieved significant predictive results. However, nonlinear models, including the BP-neural network (Dantas et al, 2017), recurrent neural network (RNN; Başaran and Ejimogu, 2021), long-and short-term memory network (LSTM; Greff et al, 2017;Kong et al, 2017;Li & Cao, 2018), and support vector regression (SVR; Liang et al, 2015;Li, Ni, et al, 2018;Sun et al, 2011Sun et al, , 2014Tuo, 2012) were found to be more robust than linear ones due to their strong fault-tolerance levels.…”