In this paper, a nonlinear robust control method is developed for trajectory tracking of a quadrotor aircraft. The proposed approach combines the robust signal compensation method and the backstepping technique. First, the quadrotor dynamic system with multiple disturbances and uncertainties is divided into four subsystems. Then, the nominal controllers are constructed for the subsystems without disturbance terms, while the robust signal compensators are introduced to compensate for the effect of nonlinearities and uncertainties. Furthermore, the Lyapunov analysis has shown that the proposed controller can achieve stable tracking in the presence of violent discontinuous disturbances and uncertainties. The tracking error converges to an arbitrarily small neighborhood of zero. Finally, the proposed control design is validated with real flight experiments. The results show superior trajectory tracking performance of the quadrotor system affected by external disturbances. INDEX TERMS Robust control, quadrotor, trajectory tracking, signal compensation. JIA SUN received the B.S. degree in automation from the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China, in 2015, where she is currently pursuing the Ph.D. degree in control science and engineering. She was a visiting Ph.D. student with the