A new age model for the Pliocene–Pleistocene Tjörnes section on Iceland: Its implication for the timing of North Atlantic–Pacific palaeoceanographic pathways

Verhoeven, Koen; Louwye, Stephen; Eiríksson, Jón; Schepper, Stijn De

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.04.001

Cited by 54 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The dates of the Tjornes Beds have been revised several times since (Fyles et al, 1991). The most recent, and perhaps complete dating of the section, places the mixed molluscan flora recognized at this site, at the base of the Serripes Zone at 4.4-4.5 Ma based on dinoflagellate cyst stratigraphy and paleomagnetic correlation with the top of the Nunivak subchron (Verhoeven et al, 2011).…”

Section: Dating Constraints and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Floral Dissimilarity and the Influence of Climate in the Pliocene High Arctic: Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Five Sites on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

et al. 2017

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A recurring goal in ecological and paleoclimatic studies is to either forecast how ecosystems will respond to future climate or hindcast climate from past ecosystem assemblages. The Pliocene is a useful deep-time laboratory for understanding an equilibrium climate state under modern atmospheric CO 2 , and has been a focus for climate modelers. Accurate estimates of proxy data-model mismatch are hindered by the scarcity of well-constrained observations from well-dated sites in the High Arctic. Using a recently developed community-based approach (Climate Reconstruction Analysis using Coexistence Likelihood Estimation: CRACLE) compared with an established method (The Coexistence Approach: CA), and applied to extraordinary, permafrost-driven preservation of floras, we explore the climate and community assemblages at five Pliocene sites in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. The results suggest that climatic differences at this scale do not simply correlate to differences in community assemblage between sites. The threshold temperature for tree line is one important component, but other factors in the environment (e.g., soil characteristics) may drive dissimilarity of communities where the taxa could share the same climate space. Estimates from CRACLE agree with previous estimates where available, and generally fall within the ranges of CA. Mean annual temperatures were ∼22 • C hotter (ranging from 0.8 to 6.2 • C by species across sites) and mean annual precipitation ∼500 mm wetter (ranging from 530 to 860 mm by species across sites) during the Early to "mid"-Pliocene (∼3.6 Ma) when compared with modern climate station data in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Comparison of estimates for three levels of taxonomic input suggest judicious interpretation is needed when generic level identifications are used, especially in the Polar Regions. The results herein are a reminder of the large impact of non-climatic abiotic and biotic factors to be accounted for when predicting future ranges of communities under different climate conditions from the present, and when hindcasting climate from past ecosystem assemblages.

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Section: Dating Constraints and Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Floral Dissimilarity and the Influence of Climate in the Pliocene High Arctic: Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Five Sites on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

et al. 2017

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“…8) suggests that: a complex series of dispersal events occurred between north-east, north-west, and South Pacific during the late Miocene and Pliocene; the origin of the crown Phocoenidae has to be found in the south-east or north-east Pacific, two areas displaying diversified fossil phocoenid faunas (e.g., Barnes 1984;Muizon 1984Muizon , 1988bBoessenecker 2013). The two Pliocene North Sea species probably arrived in the North Atlantic realm from the North Pacific via the Bering Strait, as proposed elsewhere (see discussion in Lambert 2008 and arguments for other groups of marine organisms in Grant and Stahl 1988;Vermeij 1991;Marincovich 2000;Deméré et al 2003;Verhoeven et al 2011). Because the holotype of B. gigaseorum was found in layers considerably older (5-4.4 Ma) than the holotype of S. bosselaersi (3.5-2.6 Ma; Lambert 2008), its arrival in the North Sea better matches the early stages of the opening of the Bering Strait (5.5-4.8 Ma).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…3.6 Ma (Marincovich 2000), and new data from Iceland suggest a somewhat older major mollusc invasion, at ca. 4.5 Ma (Verhoeven et al 2011), an event still younger than the geological age of B. gigaseorum. The presence of S. bosselaersi in younger deposits could be the result of either a second, later dispersal event, or of speciation in the North Sea, with a subsequent return to the North Pacific, both scenarios being equally parsimonious (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Septidelphis morii, n. gen. et sp., from the Pliocene of Italy: new evidence of the explosive radiation of true dolphins (Odontoceti, Delphinidae)

Bianucci

2013

Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology

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“…This species turnover demonstrates a pronounced adjustment of the Iceland Sea palynomorph assemblage to changing oceanographic conditions prior to the intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations. Recent studies (Sarnthein et al, 2009;Verhoeven et al, 2011) indicate the onset of a northward flow of Pacific waters through Bering Strait into the Arctic Ocean at that time caused by the further restriction of the Panama Isthmus, which resulted in a considerably fresher, modern like EGC and the thermal isolation of Greenland (Sarnthein et al, 2009). Thus, this species turnover is the result of both decreasing temperature and salinity, and likely reflects the establishment of the modern EGC.…”

Section: Early Pliocene Species Turnover (45-43 Ma)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of marine palynomorphs to Neogene climate cooling in the Iceland Sea (ODP Hole 907A)

Schreck

Méheust

Stein

et al. 2013

Marine Micropaleontology

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The present study on ODP Leg 151 Hole 907A combines a detailed analysis of marine palynomorphs (dinoflagellate cysts, prasinophytes, and acritarchs) and a low-resolution alkenone-based sea-surface temperature (SST) record for the interval between 14.5 and 2.5 Ma, and allows to investigate the relationship between palynomorph assemblages and the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Iceland Sea. A high marine productivity is indicated in the Middle Miocene, and palynomorphs and SSTs both mirror the subsequent long-term Neogene climate deterioration. The diverse Middle Miocene palynomorph assemblages clearly diminish towards the impoverished assemblages of the Late Pliocene; parallel with a somewhat gradual decrease of SSTs being as high as 20°C at~13.5 Ma to around 8°C at~3 Ma. Superimposed, palynomorph assemblages not only reflect Middle to Late Miocene climate variability partly coinciding with the short-lived global Miocene isotope events (Mi-events), but also the initiation of a proto-thermohaline circulation across the Middle Miocene Climate Transition, which led to increased meridionality in the Nordic Seas. Last occurrences of species cluster during three events in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene and are ascribed to the progressive strengthening and freshening of the proto-East Greenland Current towards modern conditions. A significant high latitude cooling between 6.5 and 6 Ma is depicted by the supraregional "Decahedrella event" coeval with lowest Miocene productivity and a SST decline. In the Early Pliocene, a transient warming is accompanied by surface water stratification and increased productivity that likely reflects a high latitude response to the global biogenic bloom. The succeeding crash in palynomorph accumulation, and a subsequent interval virtually barren of marine palynomorphs may be attributed to enhanced bottom water oxygenation and substantial sea ice cover, and indicates that conditions seriously affecting marine productivity in the Iceland Sea were already established well before the marked expansion of the Greenland Ice Sheet at 3.3 Ma.

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A new age model for the Pliocene–Pleistocene Tjörnes section on Iceland: Its implication for the timing of North Atlantic–Pacific palaeoceanographic pathways

Cited by 54 publications

References 58 publications

Floral Dissimilarity and the Influence of Climate in the Pliocene High Arctic: Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Five Sites on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Floral Dissimilarity and the Influence of Climate in the Pliocene High Arctic: Biotic and Abiotic Influences on Five Sites on the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Septidelphis morii, n. gen. et sp., from the Pliocene of Italy: new evidence of the explosive radiation of true dolphins (Odontoceti, Delphinidae)

Response of marine palynomorphs to Neogene climate cooling in the Iceland Sea (ODP Hole 907A)

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