A new and fast methodology to assess oxidative damage in cardiovascular diseases risk development through eVol-MEPS–UHPLC analysis of four urinary biomarkers

Markers of oxidative damage of nucleic acids and proteins among workers exposed to TiO2(nano) particles

“…High concentrations of 8-OHG and 8-OHdG were determined not only in the body fluids or lung tissues in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and high air pollution exposure, but also in connection with age-related and/or degenerative diseases, such as type II diabetes, hypertension and several types of cancer 36. For example, 5-OHMeU has been used as a marker of cardiovascular diseases 37. A higher concentration of 8-OHG, 8-OHdG, 3-ClTyr and 3-NOTyr was found in patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and increased levels of o-Tyr were measured in blood plasma and urine of patients with type II diabetes.…”

Microextraction by Packed Sorbent (MEPS) and Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) as Sample Preparation Procedures for the Metabolomic Profiling of Urine

“…The utilization of MEPS would certainly raise the analytical performance obtained in the methods described, allowing for a deeper understanding of the power of F2-isoprostanes as CVD biomarkers. Using this extraction procedure, Mendes et al [110] reported another putative correlation between oxidative damage and CVDs. Although very preliminary, their results suggest a positive correlation between the urinary levels of the oxidatively damaged DNA adducts, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-29-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5-HMUra) and CVDs risk progression.…”

“…Similarly, Bogdanov et al [123] reported increased levels of free 8-OHdG in urine, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients. These is, therefore, important evidence that support the importance of 8-OHdG as a biomarker to complement NDDs diagnosis, and a faster methodology using MEPS/UHPLC-UV has been already described [90,110]. Regarding F2-isoprostanes as biomarkers of oxidative stress, unlike the CVDs ([105] and references within, [106,107]) and ODs [119], there are conflicting results about their role as biomarkers in different NDDs, such as AD, PD, ALS or Huntington’s diseases [124,125,126,127,128,129,130].…”

“…However, as there is a clear increase in the lipoperoxidation products, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) in fibroblasts and lymphoblasts of familial AD [131], it is very plausible that isoprostanes, at least some isoforms, also by-products of lipid peroxidation, are increased in most NDDs. As shown by Cecchi et al [131], MDA quantification in urine is a promising opportunity to improve NDDs diagnosis, and a fast and reliable MEPS/UHPLC-UV methodology for the simultaneous quantification of MDA and 8-OHdG has been already described [90,110]. Finally, Davidson et al [132] showed that PD patients under L-dopa treatment present significantly higher values for urinary dopamine, homovanillic acid, free normetadrenaline and free metadrenaline.…”

Microextraction by packed sorbent: an emerging, selective and high‐throughput extraction technique in bioanalysis

“…In addition, although the sample requirements for a proper extraction are highly variable, with MEPS, these volumes are greatly reduced (reviewed in Pereira et al ., ), and this can be extremely important when handling precious samples such as biological ones whose collection is often invasive and painful, producing limited sample volumes. Unlike in other techniques, MEPS sorbents can be reused many times, 100 or more, depending on the complexity of the matrix being processed (Abdel‐Rehim et al ., ; Abdel‐Rehim, , ; Mendes et al ., , ), and thus the cost of the analysis is much lower than when using SPE, for instance. MEPS utilization is very easy and straightforward, making the technique also very economical and user‐friendly.…”