A New Anionic Oxalamide Lauryl Succinate Sodium Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis and Surface Activities

A series of alkyl sulphobetaine Gemini surfactants Cn‐GSBS (n = 8, 10, 12, 14, 16) was synthesized, using aliphatic amine, cyanuric chloride, ethylenediamine, N,N′‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propyldiamine and sodium 2‐chloroethane sulfonate as main raw materials. The chemical structures were confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and elemental analysis. The Krafft points differ markedly with different carbon chain length, for C8‐GSBS, C10‐GSBS and C12‐GSBS are considered to be below 0 °C and C14‐GSBS, C16‐GSBS are higher than 0 °C but lower than room temperature. Surface‐active properties were studied by surface tension and electrical conductivity. Critical micelle concentrations were much lower than dodecyl sulphobetaine (BS‐12) and decreased with increasing length of the carbon chain from 8 to 16, and can reach a minimum as low as 5 × 10−5 mol L−1 for C16‐GSBS. Effects of carbon chain length and concentration of Cn‐GSBS on crude oil emulsion stability were also investigated and discussed.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Alkyl Sulphobetaine Gemini Surfactant Based on S‐triazine: Synthesis and Properties

Niu

Wang

Sun

et al. 2017

“…However, the surface tension remained constant after the CMC. The CMC value was determined from the break point of surface tension (c) versus surfactant concentration (C) curve [18]. The CMC of the EQAPS surfactant was 118 mg/L (1.5 9 10 -5 mol/L) and the interfacial tension at the CMC was 30.6 mN/m.…”

Section: Surface Tension and Critical Micelle Concentration (Cmc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysiloxanes with Quaternary Ammonium and Polyether Groups for Silyl‐Terminated Polypropylene Oxide Waterborne Emulsions

Hou

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2016

In this paper, polysiloxanes with pendant quaternary ammonium and polyether segments (EQAPS, nonionic-cationic silicone surfactant) were synthesized through hydrosilylation of poly(dimethylhydro)siloxane with allyl poly(ethylene glycol) acetic ester (M n = 540) and allyl glycidyl ether, followed by a ring-opening reaction of epoxide groups with diethyl amine and quaternization with benzyl chloride. The chemical structures of EQAPS and intermediate products were characterized by 1 H-NMR and FT-IR spectra. The surface activity and thermal properties of EQAPS were studied with surface tension measurement and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, respectively. The results showed that the EQAPS had a much smaller critical micelle concentration value (118 mg/L) and lower glass-transition temperature (T g : -57°C). The silyl-terminated polypropylene oxide waterborne emulsions, which were substantially free from organic solvent, were prepared via a phase-inversion emulsification technique using EQAPS as single emulsifier and/or poly(ethylene glycol) ( M n = 400) as cosolvent. The electrical properties of the system indicated that the phase inversion was completely accomplished. The viscosity of the emulsions with different solid contents was measured, and the results showed that the most suitable solid content was about 50 wt%. The emulsions with smaller particle size (12 lm) had better storage stability (48 days at 50°C) and freeze-thaw stability.

“…1. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) value was determined from the break point of c versus C curve [14]. The CMC of the QAPS surfactant was 618 mg/L (1.3 9 10 -4 mol/L) and the interfacial tension at the CMC was 32.…”

Section: Surface Active Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polysiloxanes with Quaternary Ammonium Groups for SPPO Aqueous Emulsions

Hou

Kan

2014

In this paper, polysiloxanes with pendant quaternary ammonium groups (QAPS, cationic silicone surfactants) were synthesized through hydrosilylation of poly(dimethylhydro)siloxane with allyl glycidyl ether, then ring-opening reaction of epoxide groups with diethyl amine and quaternization with benzyl chloride. The chemical structures of QAPS and intermediate products were characterized by 1 H NMR and FT-IR. The surface and thermal properties of QAPS were researched through surface tension measurement and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The results showed that the QAPS had reduced critical micelle concentration values and lowered glass-transition temperatures (T g ). Waterborne silyl-terminated polypropylene oxide emulsions were prepared via phase-inversion emulsification using QAPS and polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether (OP-10) as composite emulsifiers and poly(ethylene glycol) (M n = 400, PEG 400) as cosolvent. The electrical properties of the system indicated that the phase inversion was completely accomplished. The emulsions with smaller particle size (6.2 lm) had better storage stability (47 days at 50°C) and freeze-thaw stability.