A new annotation system based on a semantic analysis of a learner's annotative activity to invoke web services

Abstract

Many annotation systems proposed in the literature suffer from an under-exploitation of the annotation's semantic at the level of the assistance presented to the learner during annotative activity. Thus, these tools offer the same classic features to its users, such as management, search, sharing and storage of annotations. In this paper, we propose a new annotation system which differs in its novel features. The system tries to assist the learner via web services during learning activities. Therefore, from a user's annotation, our system is able to interpret a goal implicitly expressed and tries to discover and invoke a web service that can meet this annotation's objective. This system is based on an annotation model composed of an ontology and pattern annotation. This enrichment will provide advantages for both the provider, who will find his service within the consumer's reach, and the learner, who will have at his disposal an intelligent annotation tool.

Functionalities provided by Annotation Systems for Learners in Educational Context: An Overview

“…Current research on Web 3.0 and e-learning also shows the integration of lecture recordings with Web 3.0 applications [3] as well as benefits and opportunities resulting from learner participation and interaction [15]. As participation and active learning are important factors for learning success, it is crucial that students are involved to effectively increase their learning and depth of knowledge [31]. One way to involve students in this process is enabling them to add their own annotations.…”

“…Studies made in the works of [25,31,32] show that many readers prefer to print an electronic document and to annotate it on paper instead of annotating it directly on its electronic format using an annotation system. Therefore, the process of marking a paper document with the tools that we find in our environment, a pen, a highlighter, is most preferred by the reader instead of reading a PAPER FUNCTIONALITIES PROVIDED BY ANNOTATION SYSTEMS FOR LEARNERS IN EDUCATIONAL CONTEXT: AN OVERVIEW document on a screen and the mark via a software interface that requires us to use the keyboard, mouse, stylet, etc.…”

“…We mean by annotation the act to add a critical or explanatory note to a consulted resource, to highlight a passage, to write down, etc., that learner makes on a page during reading activity [31].…”

“…By clicking on the link, the learner can access to additional features: add a comment, copy the contents, see the profile of the annotator, etc. [31].…”

“…Thus, students who have similar profiles are mutualized to create an information exchange. Another example of recommendation of data related to annotations is provided by Kalboussi et al, [2,31] by presenting a new annotation system New-WebAnnot able to recommend web services assistance interpreted from the learner's annotations [53]. Based on a new approach presenting the learner's annotative activity as a means to invoke web services implicitly [38], the proposed annotation system tries to assist the learner via web services during his learning activities [52].…”