A new approach for bio-oil characterization based on gel permeation chromatography preparative fractionation

Barnes, M. Castellvi; Lange, Jean‐Paul; Rossum, G. van; Kersten, Sascha R.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2015.03.005

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, only a portion of the sample is identified. The other components with higher molecular weight (MW) can be determined, that is, by GPC for species with MW up to 1000–2000 Da without any further information regarding their structure [ 25 , 60 ], unless coupled with other techniques [ 70 ]. Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) is a powerful technique for the determination of volatile fractions in different types of biooils providing detailed information on the molecular composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

et al. 2017

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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Elucidation of chemical composition of biooil is essentially important to evaluate the process of lignocellulosic biomass (LCBM) conversion and its upgrading and suggest proper value-added utilization like producing fuel and feedstock for fine chemicals. Although the main components of LCBM are cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin, the chemicals derived from LCBM differ significantly due to the various feedstock and methods used for the decomposition. Biooil, produced from pyrolysis of LCBM, contains hundreds of organic chemicals with various classes. This review covers the methodologies used for the componential analysis of biooil, including pretreatments and instrumental analysis techniques. The use of chromatographic and spectrometric methods was highlighted, covering the conventional techniques such as gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. The combination of preseparation methods and instrumental technologies is a robust pathway for the detailed componential characterization of biooil. The organic species in biooils can be classified into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, benzene-ring containing hydrocarbons, ethers, alcohols, phenols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, carboxylic acids, and other heteroatomic organic compounds. The recent development of high resolution mass spectrometry and multidimensional hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques has considerably elucidated the composition of biooils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

et al. 2017

International Journal of Analytical Chemistry

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“…FT‐ICRMS has been initially employed for the analysis of petroleum crude oils and hydrocarbons; however, the petroleomics methods developed around this technique are also suited for the analysis of bio‐oils. A significant percentage of the bio‐oil's composition is attributed to high molecular weight compounds, as has been verified by GPC analysis . These are possibly derivatives of lignin and cellulose depolymerization and their content in the bio‐oil varies according to the pyrolysis conditions and the biomass feedstock.…”

Section: High‐resolution Mass Spectrometry Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Both chromatographic and spectroscopic methods need to be applied and interpreted complementary for a complete characterization. Conventional (HPLC), (GC), (GPC), (FTIR), and (NMR) have been applied for the elucidation of the bio‐oils’ composition to different extents, and a summation of the developments and results in that area is covered by resent comprehensive reviews . However, considerable advancements in comprehending their synthesis have occurred by the application of advanced analytical techniques such as hyphenated chromatographic and advanced spectroscopic techniques that will be the focus of the current review.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

Michailof

Kalogiannis

Sfetsas

et al. 2016

WIREs Energy & Environment

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Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) is the liquid product of biomass thermochemical conversion. It is a dark, viscous liquid that contains the depolymerization products of hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. The physicochemical properties of bio-oils are determined by employing the conventional methods for fuels analysis with proper adaptations. However, the detailed composition of bio-oils in terms of analytes as well as their concentration remains ambiguous and is a challenging task for analytical chemistry. The compounds in the bio-oil range from nonpolar (e.g., hydrocarbons) to highly polar (e.g., phenolics) and from volatile (e.g., organic acids) to nonvolatile (e.g., sugar derivatives), covering a molecular weight (MW) range of about 50-2000 Da. Hence a combination of analytical techniques such as high pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography (GC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are required to determine the bio-oil's composition. Despite the significant breakthroughs of these techniques, they face limitations regarding the sample pretreatment, the incomplete separation and determination of components, and the need of multiple analyses with each method for more complete results. The development of sophisticated, comprehensive, and hyphenated chromatographic and spectrometric techniques such as GC × GC, LC × LC, high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and 2D-NMR has brought actual advancement in the field of bio-oil analysis. GC × GC and LC × LC have allowed the development of qualitative and quantitative methods for the individual determination of lower MW compounds. However, HRMS and 2D-NMR have facilitated the elucidation of the structure of the higher MW components, offering insight in the effect of pyrolysis conditions on biomass depolymerization and the possibilities for further upgrading of bio-oils.

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“…Although less common, 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy is valuable for characterizing biocrudes . Biocrudes appear to show similar clustering of 13 C NMR peaks, irrespective of the solvent (Figure b) . Most of the carbon, that is, 60–65 %, consist of unsaturated carbon atoms of aromatic, phenolic, or furanic components.…”

Section: Product Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, one seems particularly dominant, namely the fraction of heavy components. Good direct correlations have indeed been reported between the MCRT and the fraction of vacuum residue determined by SEC (>1 kDa), as illustrated in Figure . However, the origin of different correlations reported in different studies is worth further investigations.…”

Section: Product Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignocellulose Liquefaction to Biocrude: A Tutorial Review

Lange

2018

ChemSusChem

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After 40 years of research and development, liquefaction technologies are now being demonstrated at 200–3000 tons per year scale to convert lignocellulosic biomass to biocrudes for use as heavy fuel or for upgrading to biofuels. This Review attempts to present the various facets of the liquefaction process in a tutorial manner. Emphasis is placed on liquefaction in high‐boiling solvents, with regular reference to liquefaction in subcritical water or other light‐boiling solvents. Reaction chemistry, solvent selection, role of optional catalyst as well as biocrude composition and properties are discussed in depth. Challenges in biomass feeding and options for biocrude–solvent separation are addressed. Process concepts are reviewed and demonstration/commercialization efforts are presented.

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A new approach for bio-oil characterization based on gel permeation chromatography preparative fractionation

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Analytical Strategies Involved in the Detailed Componential Characterization of Biooil Produced from Lignocellulosic Biomass

Advanced analytical techniques for bio‐oil characterization

Lignocellulose Liquefaction to Biocrude: A Tutorial Review

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