A new approach for the estimation of expanded uncertainty of results of an analytical method developed for determining antibiotics in seawater using solid-phase extraction disks and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry technique

Liquid–liquid equilibria in the ternary systems {water + cyclopentanone + benzene or toluene} at different temperatures: Experimental data and correlation

“…where u c (v) is the combined uncertainty of variable v which is considered to be dependent on another variable v i and its uncertainty is calculated according to the GUM [23,24].…”

Deep eutectic liquid organic salt as a new solvent for liquid-phase microextraction and its application in ligandless extraction and preconcentraion of lead and cadmium in edible oils

“…The uncertainty of results was calculated according to Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) [41]. Expanded uncertainty was determined using following equation [40,42,43]. Where U is the expanded uncertainty, k is the coverage factor (for the confidence limit at 95% level, k is chosen to be 2), u r(sample) is the uncertainty associated with mass of the sample, u r(cal) is the relative uncertainty associated with calibration, u r(true) is the uncertainty associated with recovery determination, u r(rep) is the uncertainty of precision, u r(LOD) is the uncertainty associated with LOD determination, c det is the mean concentration of the target analyte, SD xy is the residual standard deviation, p is the number of repetitions carried out for given sample, m is the total number of standard samples used for plotting the calibration curve, X sample is the concentration of sample, X m is the average of all the concentration of a standard solution for which the measurement was made in order to plot a calibration curve, X i is the concentration of standard solution and b is the slope of the calibration curve.…”

Evaluation of the Possibility of Using Hydroponic Cultivations for the Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Compounds in Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants

“…Over the last two decades, the presence of pharmaceuticals and EDCs in the aquatic environment has been confirmed many times [3][4][5][6]. They have been found in treated wastewater [7], sewage sludge [8], marine waters [9], and in living organisms [10]. They are extensively introduced into the environment via wastewater and in consequence by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) because the classical methods of wastewater treatment in WWTPs (mechanical, biological, chemical) do not completely remove pharmaceuticals and EDCs from the wastewater stream [11][12][13][14].…”