A new approach to demand response in a microgrid based on coordination control between smart meter and distributed superconducting magnetic energy storage unit

Abstract

Energy storage and demand response are becoming an increasingly valuable solution for the enhancement of stability and reliability of the electricity grid with high penetration of distributed energy sources such as wind and solar. This paper proposes an intelligent energy management scheme to allow different distributed generation sources and energy storage technologies to actively participate in demand response via the deployed smart meter infrastructure. A Distributed Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (D-SMES) device is integrated into the network to deliver instantaneous and large bursts of power to support the grid under shortterm disturbances. The proposed demand response-based energy management algorithm receives, via the smart meter infrastructure, the information from the electricity network such as the energy cost, upper load adjustment limit, and the State-of-Charge (SOC) of the storage system then, under very specific conditions, a decision is formulated as a control signal for charging or discharging the storage system, aiming at minimizing the total energy while avoiding any load shedding. The effectiveness of the proposed demand response approach for controlling generation, storage and demand coordination and energy cost reduction is demonstrated on a sample power system simulated in MATLAB/SimPowerSystems toolbox and evaluated under different case study scenarios.

Monitoring Energy and Power Quality of the Loads in a Microgrid Laboratory Using Smart Meters

“…On the one hand, empirical studies often analyze a limited number of variables. For example, the authors of [39] present a method to optimize consumption to improve power quality and security levels in electrical systems while considering economic costs. However, only information regarding active power (W) and cost (monetary units) is provided.…”

“…In [23], a method is presented to infer load signatures of different home appliances based on active and reactive power measurements, but no information is provided about the specifications of these meters. Furthermore, other researchers have analyzed demand response in microgrids by coordinating data measured by smart meters and distributed superconducting magnetic energy storage units [39], but the empirical results are focused on the study of active power flows.…”

Analysis on the Electric Vehicle with a Hybrid Storage System and the Use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

“…The main storage system with high specific power that is sought to be analyzed in this study is the SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) where the energy is stored in a superconducting coil at a temperature below the critical temperature, Tc. This technology is being researched and developed in order to be used in different types of applications [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], mainly in Smart Grid or Smart Cities application [4,15,21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36], although there are also researches that focus on the improvement of its technical characteristics [22]. The main characteristics available in this energy storage system (ESS) are shown in Table 1.…”