A new approach to determine the outdoor temperature distributions for building energy calculations

Utilizing thermal building mass for storage in district heating systems: Combined building level simulations and system level optimization

“…These weather conditions are characterized by very cold winter temperatures. The monthly degree-days for the given climate and the annual outdoor temperature distribution according to [23] are presented in Appendix B. Based on literature, the utilization of thermal mass during times of very low ambient temperatures can have a good potential for DSM strategies.…”

The impact of weather variation on energy consumption in residential houses

“…T t is the actual temperature recorded every 5 min in degrees F. The threshold temperatures (70 F for heating and 76 F for cooling) are obtained from what the houses are automatically set to. In a similar fashion, Coskun et al [21] introduced heating and cooling degree hours based on outdoor temperature distribution. The heating and cooling degree minutes measure random weather surprise [10].…”

“…A major problem in generating weather data with fine temporal rate is the substantial cost involved [15]. Even though there is a growing literature that collects and applies energy-weather data with fine temporal rate [16][17][18][19][20][21][22] only a few use such data to study the relationship between energy consumption and weather. For instance, Venegas et al [20] uses 10 min interval data to study the effect of weather on the energy performance (and energy production) of a solar cooling facility.…”

“…Even though the most significant variation in energy use comes from changes in temperature, it is very important to control for other non-temperature variables. Coskun et al [21] argue that, in addition to outdoor temperature, solar radiation, humidity, and wind speed can affect a building's heating and cooling loads. Furthermore, temperature can directly affect non-temperature variables and vice versa.…”

“…Their result indicates that wind speed and direction has the highest effect on the efficiency of energy generated. Coskun et al [21] and Oktay et al [22] generate cooling and heating degree hours based on outdoor temperature collected at an hourly interval.…”