A new approach to fecal occult blood testing based on the detection of haptoglobin

Xing, Pei‐Xiang; Young, Graeme P.; Ho, Deborah W.M; Sinatra, M A; Høj, Peter B.; McKenzie, Ian F. C.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19960701)78:1<48::aid-cncr9>3.0.co;2-d

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Initially, the mAbs were tested for specificity to the Galα(1,3)Gal epitope by ELISA using synthetic glycoconjugates consisting of a carbohydrate covalently attached to BSA (Figure 1 and Table 1). Typical results are shown for four of the mAbs (8.17, 15.101, 16.34 and 25.20), together with a negative control mAb, FE14.1, which binds haptoglobin 40 (Figure 1). Data for all eight mAbs are summarized in Table 1.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of antibody bound was quantitated by the addition of sheep anti‐mouse immunoglobulin, conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Amersham, Piscataway, NJ, USA) and the HRP substrate [0.03% 2,2‐azino‐di‐3‐ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate, 0.02% H2O 2 ] and the optical density was measured using an ELISA reader (Biotek EL312e, Bio‐Tek Instruments, Winooski, VT, USA) at 405 nm. An anti‐haptoglobin IgG1, FE14.1, 40 was used to determine the level of non‐specific interaction between the mouse antibodies and the antigen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Carbohydrate residues downstream of the terminal Galα(1,3)Gal epitope modulate the specificity of xenoreactive antibodies

et al. 2007

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Carbohydrates are involved in many immunological responses including the rejection of incompatible blood, tissues and organs. Carbohydrate antigens with Gala(1,3)Gal epitopes are recognized by natural antibodies in humans and pose a major barrier for pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Genetically modified pigs have been established that have no functional a1,3-galactosyltransferase (a1,3GT), which transfers aGal to N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) type oligosaccharides. However, a low level of Gala(1,3)Gal is still expressed in a1,3GT knockout animals in the form of a lipid, isoglobotrihexosylceramide (iGb3), which is produced by iGb3 synthase on lactose (Lac) type core structures. Here, we define the reactivity of a series of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated in a1,3GTÀ/À mice immunized with rabbit red blood cells (RbRBC), as a rich source of lipid-linked antigens. Interestingly, one mAb (15.101) binds weakly to synthetic and cell surface-expressed Gala(1,3)Gal on LacNAc, but strongly to versions of the antigen on Lac cores, including iGb3. Three-dimensional models suggest that the terminal a-linked Gal binds tightly into the antibody-binding cavity. Furthermore, antibody interactions were predicted with the second and third monosaccharide units. Collectively, our findings suggest that although the terminal carbohydrate residues confer most of the binding affinity, the fine specificity is determined by subsequent residues in the oligosaccharide.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrate residues downstream of the terminal Galα(1,3)Gal epitope modulate the specificity of xenoreactive antibodies

et al. 2007

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“…These include the proteins haptoglobin [42, 43] and calprotectin, although the latter is highly sensitive for inflammatory bowel disease [44]. …”

Section: Fecal Protein Markersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Tests: From Blood to Molecular Markers

Young

Bosch

2011

Curr Colorectal Cancer Rep

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Detection of molecular markers for colorectal neoplasia in feces has the potential to improve performance of simple noninvasive screening tests for colorectal cancer. Most research has explored the value of DNA-based, RNA-based, and protein-based markers. In all cases there has been a trend to move from a single marker to a panel of markers to improve sensitivity. Unfortunately, no type of molecular marker has proved specific for neoplasia. DNA tests have been improved by combining mutation detection with assessment of DNA integrity plus epigenetic markers of neoplasia. RNA-based approaches are just beginning to explore the full power of transcriptomics. So far, no protein-based fecal test has proved better than fecal immunochemical tests for hemoglobin. Finally, no marker or panel of markers has yet been developed to the point where it has been evaluated in large unbiased population studies to assess performance across all stages of neoplasia and in all practical environments.

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Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers in Proximal Fluids

Dakubo

2019

Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids

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A new approach to fecal occult blood testing based on the detection of haptoglobin

Cited by 17 publications

References 11 publications

Carbohydrate residues downstream of the terminal Galα(1,3)Gal epitope modulate the specificity of xenoreactive antibodies

Carbohydrate residues downstream of the terminal Galα(1,3)Gal epitope modulate the specificity of xenoreactive antibodies

Fecal Tests: From Blood to Molecular Markers

Colorectal Cancer Biomarkers in Proximal Fluids

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